Session 4.
The New York Control Area (NYCA)
Bob Waldele
Manager – Operations Engineering
Operations & Reliability
NYISO
1
Robert Waldele
mini-bio
33 years with NYPP and NYISO (transmission planning,
dispatcher training, operations engineering)
BSEE(Comp. Sci., Power) Northwestern University
Railfan/Photographer, Model Railroader (garden)
Church Organist and Choir Director
Rumored to have caused first Blackout (Nov. 9, 1965) while
still in high school
Member of “Operator Tools, Training, and EMS
Performance” Team of the NERC 2003 Blackout
Investigation Task Force
Active participant in numerous IEEE-PES, NPCC, NERC and
EPRI study and support groups
2
Annie Liebovitz – photographer
“Success didn’t spoil me, I’ve always been
insufferable.”
3
The New York Control Area (NYCA)

Location of major facilities



The New York ISO
o
o
o

Generation
Transmission system & constraints
Commercial responsibilities
Normal operation responsibilities
Emergency operation responsibilities
Transmission interfaces (“flowgates”)



Likely transmission constraints in NYCA
Ties with neighboring systems
OASIS
4
New York State
Chateauguay
Willis
Moses
Transmission System
Massena
Plattsburgh
(230 kV and above)
Adirondack
Oswego
Complex
Somerset
Rotterdam
Niagara
Sta. 80
Clay
Edic
Pannell
Huntley
Marcy
New
Scotland
Porter
Alps
Stolle Rd.
Lafayette
Gilboa
Meyer
Dunkirk
Leeds
Watercure
Hillside
Fraser
Oakdale
Pleasant
Valley
Coopers
Corners
Roseton
Rock
Tavern
Legend:
Buchanan
Ramapo
Millwood
765 kV
500 kV
345 kV
230 kV
E. Fishkill
Homer
City
Sprainbrook
Dunwoodie
W49St/Rainey
Shore Rd.
Farragut E. Garden City
Goethals
5
What does the NYISO do?

The New York ISO
o
Commercial responsibilities
o Administers the Tariffs
o Open Access Transmission Tariff (“OATT”)
o Market Services Tariff
o
o
Agreements with Market Participants
NYISO has operational responsibilities to insure the
reliability of the NYCA and its interconnections
6
NYISO Markets
• Energy - in two separate markets:
• Day-Ahead
• Real-Time
• 2 direct bid Ancillary Services
• Operating Reserve
• Regulation
• Generation Capacity - ICAP
• Cost Based Ancillary Services
• Congestion Protection - the “TCC”
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More commercial information?
We are not going to go into detail about the
NYISO Market Operation
NY Market Operation Course (NYMOC)
Covers the aspects of dealing with the Market
Information System (MIS), participating in the
several ancillary service markets
Go to www.nyiso.com for more information
and schedule and registration
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System Operations
What does the NYISO do?
Transmission system security (“Reliability Coordinator”)
Control Area Operator (“balancing authority”)
Outage Scheduling
Planning (resource, transmission, load forecasting)
Generator interaction with NYISO Control Area
Operation
9
Overview of Control Area Operation
Quebec
Ontario
(IESO)
ISO-NE
New York Control Area
PJM
10
Reliability Coordinator’s Responsibility
If we don’t coordinate the collective security
of the interconnected power system, the
whole business can collapse like a house of
cards. It has happened, and it’s not pretty:
The Northeast Blackout – Nov. 9th 1965
(the ‘grand-daddy’ of them all until…)
11
Other Notable Events
July 1977 - New York City
July 1989 - Province of Quebec
January 1994 – WSCC
December 1994 – WSCC
July, August 1996 – Pacific NW (3 times)
January 1998 – Montreal and Northern NY
December 1998 – San Francisco
And who can forget…
August 14, 2003 – Midwest and Northeast
12
…those who refuse to learn from history are
doomed to repeat it.
…Santayana
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NYISO’s RC Responsibilities



Interaction with Generation Owners
Interaction with Transmission Owners
Transmission interfaces (“flowgates”)


Likely transmission constraints in NYCA
Ties with neighboring systems
14
Interaction with Generators
Real-time security dispatch adjusts output of
generators to respect system security
constraints
AGC adjusts generation to maintain area
control error (ACE)
Reserve pick-up adjusts generation following
a contingency loss of resource
15
Load Following - RTS
RTS dispatches generators with basepoints to meet
the 5 minute projected load
Primary control of generation based on availability, cost,
capability limits, and response rates
Maintain reserve requirements
Adjusts generation to solve security constraints
Calculates real time prices
16
Maintaining Interchange Schedules
CONTROL AREA OPERATION MEANS:
BALANCING
GENERATION
WITH LOAD
WHILE RESPECTING
TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS
7
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Generation Dispatch to Follow the Load
Day-ahead (SCUC) – commits generation to load forecast
and sufficient additional generation to meet reliability
requirements (including reserve)
Hour-ahead – in-day in advance of real time
Off dispatch units are scheduled by the hour
Transactions are scheduled by the hour
Additional generation needed resulting from forced outages,
external schedule changes or forecast error
5-minute – load following with on-dispatch units receiving
5-min. base points
Six second – AGC with on-control units receiving 6-sec.
base points respond to Area Control Error
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SINGLE LARGEST SOURCE CONTINGENCY 1,200 MW
10 MIN SYNC
600 MW min
+
30 MIN
600 MW
10 MIN NON-SYNC
What is needed in addition
to 10 min SYNC (600) to total
1200 MW
10 MINUTE
TOTAL
1,200 MW
RESERVE REQUIREMENT: 1,800MW
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NYISO Operating Reserve
Consistent with NPCC Criteria and NYSRC Reliability
rules, the NYCA must maintain sufficient operating
reserve to withstand any loss of generation in the CA
within design criteria
NYCA Operating Reserve Requirement is 1 ½ times the
largest contingency
the largest source contingency is typically 1200 MW
Operating Reserve is maintained in three catagories
 Ten minute Synchronous Reserve
 Total ten minute reserve
 Total 30 minute reserve
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Reserve Requirements
NYISO instituted – TO communicated
Reserve Pick-up
 Payment based on following NYISO basepoints
 Energy dispatch based on economic selection, not
necessarily units carrying reserve
 Performance penalties suspended
“Max Gen” Pick-up
 Generation expected to produce at maximum capability –
reimbursed for energy produced – no base points
 Performance penalties suspended.
Selective Max Gen Pick-up
 Instituted on a zonal basis
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Interaction with Transmission Owners
Real-time security monitors loading of critical
transmission facilities and paths
NYISO coordinates facility switching for
scheduled outages
Coordinate response to emergency outages
and/or contingency loss of facilities
Coordinate EHV voltage profiles
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Security Constraints
Frequency
Voltage
Equipment Ratings
System Constraints
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Frequency
Frequency is an indicator of the “health” of the
interconnection
Sudden changes in frequency are signals of “things
happening” somewhere
Slow changes/small deviations in frequency
generally indicate load/generation “trends”
“Frequency is like the weather – everybody talks
about it…”
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Security Constraints
Frequency
Voltage
Equipment Ratings
System Constraints
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Voltage Control
NYISO coordinates the voltage profile on the EHV
transmission system
NYISO requests for reactive support relayed by TO to
generators
Report AVR outages to the NYISO
NYISO directs switching of EHV connected shunt capacitors
and reactors
“Out of normal” operation of transmission regulation
devices (SVCs, etc.)
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Security Constraints
Frequency
Voltage
Equipment Ratings
System Constraints
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Ratings of Facilities
Transmission equipment ratings
Tie-line Rating Guide (NYSRC)
 Line conductor (size, configuration)
 Transformer ratings
Load & Interrupting Current ratings
 Breaker continuous (load) and interrupting (fault)
 CT, wavetrap, instrumentation ratings
 Bus conductor ampacity
Generator capability and response rates
Voltage ratings/limits - high and low
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Ratings of Transmission Facilities
Transmission equipment ratings
Tie-line Rating Guide (NYSRC)
Transmission line conductor
Terminal equipment and bus section
Ratings of jointly owned facilities
Rating authority – real-time updates
Transformers
Self-cooled, forced cooled
Tap-changing capability
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Generator Equipment Ratings
Generators required to perform periodic testing
to demonstrate capability
DMNC (seasonal) for real power for participation
in the energy and ICAP
Reactive capability testing (annual) for
participation in the VSS Ancillary Service
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Voltage Ratings/Limits
NYISO Controlled/Secured Stations
T&D or EO Manual, App. A-3 lists stations that NYISO
monitors and secures
Owner sets the post-contingency high/low voltage
limits based on equipment ratings
NYISO establishes pre-contingency high/low
voltage limits to secure
Prevent violation of post-contingency limit
Pre-contingency limits determined by through system
studies and approved
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Security Constraints
Frequency
Voltage
Equipment Ratings
System Constraints
32
Transmission System Constraints
Thermal ratings
Transient Stability Limits
Station Voltage limits
Voltage Constrained Transfers
Locational Reserve requirements
Local Reliability constraints
33
Transmission Interfaces
Historically in NYCA we have used
transmission interfaces to monitor and
secure the system
6 internal interfaces
 Several have transient or voltage stability limits
 All are evaluated on a forecast seasonal basis
4 external interfaces (neighboring CAs)
 Monitor inter-Area schedules/transactions
 All are evaluated on a forecast seasonal basis
34
New York State
Chateauguay
Willis
Moses
Transmission System
Massena
Moses-South
Plattsburgh
(230 kV and above)
Central East
Adirondack
Dysinger East
West Central
Somerset
Oswego
Complex
Rotterdam
Niagara
Sta. 80
Clay
Edic
Pannell
Huntley
Marcy
New
Scotland
Porter
Alps
Stolle Rd.
Lafayette
Gilboa
Meyer
Dunkirk
Leeds
FraserTotal
Watercure
Hillside
Oakdale
East
Pleasant
Valley
Coopers
Corners
Roseton
Rock
Tavern
Legend:
UPNY-ConEd
Buchanan
Ramapo
Millwood
765 kV
500 kV
E. Fishkill
Homer
City
Sprainbrook
Dunwoodie
W49St/Rainey
Shore Rd.
345 kV
Farragut E. Garden City
230 kV
Goethals
Total East
NYC Cable
35
NYISO Operating Interfaces
Cross-State Interfaces







Dysinger-East
West-Central
Moses-South
Central East
Total East
UPNY-ConEd
Sprain Brook/Dunwoodie-South (NYC Cable)
Inter-Area Interfaces




NYISO-IMO
NYISO-ISO-NE
NYISO-PJM
NYISO-HQTE
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Transmission System Constraints
Station voltage limits
Actions to prevent violation of pre-contingency
voltage limits may include curtailing power
transfers in the vicinity of the constraint
Other constraints
Maintaining operating reserve requirement
 Locational Reserve requirements
Local Reliability constraints
 Local reliability rules
37
Solving Transmission Constraints
NYISO Real-time dispatch will adjust
generation to solve security constraints
Can solve thermal rating (projected postcontingency overload) constraint for individual
facilities
Can solve interface constraint for
 Transient Stability Limits
 Voltage Stability (Collapse) Limits
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Are we there yet? Are we there yet?
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Summary
The foundation for maintaining Reliability comes from
the adequacy and security of:
Frequency, Voltage, Reserve, Regulation, while respecting
equipment and interface limits.
The NYISO uses EMS applications to commit, schedule
and dispatch generation, balance load to secure the
system:
Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC)
Balancing Market Evaluation (BME)
Security Constrained Dispatch (SCD) and Automatic
Generation Control (BME)
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Yogi Berra
“Why buy good luggage? You only use it
when you travel.”
…or
“When you come to a fork in the road,
take it.”
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