PHYSICAL SETTING:
CHEMISTRY
MRS. BASHER
ROOM 209
Mrs. Basher – Room 209
Contact Info:
Email: Maureen.Basher@valleycentralschools.org
Phone: 845-457-2400 Ext. 19231
Twitter.com BasherChem
Facebook.com BasherChem
What you will need for class:
- 5 Subject Notebook
- Pens/pencils
- Chemistry Reference Table
- Calculator (NOT a graphing calculator)
- Colored Pencils
- Markers
- Small Scissors
- Tape or glue sticks ( I don’t like glue sticks……)
Class Expectations
1. Be on time
2. Be prepared with Notebook
& Homework
3. Follow directions in Class & Lab
4. Ask Questions – Come to
Review Class
5. Make-up missed work due to absence
(This includes LABS!)
LAB!
New York State Lab Requirement:
All students taking a Regents science course must
complete the laboratory requirement.
The Valley Central High School laboratory requirement
consists of 90 laboratory periods which must be
documented by student written reports.
Lab reports must be handed in on time and receive a passing grade of 70.
These lab reports will be kept on file by the teacher.
Failure to complete this laboratory requirement will result in a student being
barred from taking the midterm and regents exams and failure in science for
the year.
Midterm Exam Lab Deadline: Wednesday, January 14, 2015
Regents Exam Lab Deadline: Thursday, May 21, 2015
Student Grading:
•Unit Tests/Quizzes
•Labs
•Homework
•Class Notebook
60%
20%
10%
10%
I. Chemistry
A.The study of MATTER – structure, composition,
and properties of matter
B.The study of the CHANGES matter undergoes
C.The study of the ENERGY that accompanies
these changes
II. Matter - anything that has MASS and VOLUME.
Mass = the amount of matter (particles) in an
object/substance.
VOLUME = space
A.Classification of Matter
1. Substance – type of matter that has identical
properties & composition
* All samples have the SAME characteristics
* UNIFORM composition (same throughout)
* 2 types of substances: Elements & Compounds
a. Element – simplest form of matter
* Cannot be decomposed by a chemical
reaction
• Represented by symbols
• ex. C, Mg, Li, H
• First letter of element symbol is capital,
second letter is always lower case.
• All known elements are listed on the
Periodic Table of the Elements. See
Reference Tables
b. Compound
* 2 or more elements CHEMICALLY
bonded together
* Element + Element ----------> Compound
* Binary Compounds – made up of 2
elements ex. CO2, H2O
*Ternary Compounds – made up of 3 or
more elements. Ex. H2SO4, Fe2(SO4)3
*Compounds CAN BE decomposed in to
elements
COMPOUNDS
Made up of 2 or more
elements in a definite ratio.
Rvw: SUBSTANCES
ELEMENT
• Simplest form of matter
• Cannot be broken down
• Represented by symbols
• Listed on the Periodic Table
COMPOUND
• Two or more elements
CHEMICALLY bonded together
• CAN be broken down or
DECOMPOSED into its elements
• Represented by formulas
2. Mixtures – 2 or more substances with different
properties and composition that are PHYSICALLY
combined in varying amounts
* They combine in NO definite ratio
* Each substance retains its properties
within the mixture.
* There are two types of Mixtures:
a. Homogeneous Mixtures
b. Heterogeneous Mixtures
a. Homogeneous Mixtures – have EVEN distribution of
substances.
Examples:
Aqueous Solutions – Water solutions
Tincture – Alcohol solutions
Alloy – 2 metals dissolved into each
other in the solid phase.
Ex. Brass = Copper (Cu) + Zinc (Zn)
Amalgam – a metal is dissolved in
Mercury (Hg)
*ALL AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ARE HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES*
Homogeneous Mixtures
• Aqueous Solutions
• Water solution
• Example: Salt + Water
• Tincture
• Alcohol solutions
• Example: White Willow Bark +
Ethanol
Homogeneous Mixture
• Alloy
• Mixture of 2 metals
• Example: Brass = Cu + Zn
• Amalgam
• Mixture of Hg + Ag + Sn + Cu
• Example: Dental Fillings
b. Heterogeneous Mixtures – Have UNEVEN distribution of
substances.
* Colloid – microscopic suspended particles in
another substance.
Example: Milk
* Suspension – solid particles which are visible
and able to settle out in the mixture.
Examples: Iron & Sulfur – solid + solid
Concrete – solid + solid
Sand & Water – Solid + Liquid
Oil & Water – Liquid + Liquid
Heterogeneous Mixture
• Colloid
• Mixture with microscopic
particles
• Example: Fat molecules in Milk,
Paint
• Suspension
• Mixture with larger particles that
can settle out (sedimentation)
• Example: Muddy Water, Ocean
TYNDALL EFFECT:
- is light scattering by particles in a colloid or particles in a
fine suspension.
- It is named after the 19th-century physicist John Tyndall.
- Examples:
Opulescent glass
Separation of Mixtures – See Worksheet
1. Filtration
2. Evaporation
3. Distillation
4. Chromatography
Examples of Regents questions:
1. Which formula represents a mixture?
a.NaCl (aq)
b. NaCl (s) c. H2O (l)
d. H2O (s)
2. Which substance cannot be decomposed by a chemical change?
a.Mercury II oxide HgO2
c. Potassium chlorate KClO3
b.water H2O
d. Copper Cu
Summary of Matter Classification: Matter Map