Chapter 4.1
Periodic Table
Metals vs. Non-metals
Metals
-left of the staircase
-good conductors of heat/electricity
-ductile and malleable
-shiny and usually silver coloured
-all solid except mercury (liquid)
Metals vs. Non-metals
Non-metals
-right of the staircase
-poor conductors of heat/electricity, solids, some are
gases and one (bromine) is a liquid
Metalloids
-touch the staircase except Aluminum (metal)
-properties are a mix of metal and non-metal
properties
Shade these categories on your
periodic table
Metals/Nonmetals and Metalloids
Organization


Period
- horizontal rows on the periodic table
- the period number tells you how many rings of
electrons should be drawn on a Bohr diagram
Group
- also called a family
- vertical rows on the periodic table
- elements in a group all have similar physical and
chemical properties because they have the same
number of valence electrons
Chemical Families
Alkali Metals
-column 1: soft, silver-grey metals
-react easily with water and oxygen in air
-one valence electron
** doesn’t include hydrogen
Alkaline Earth Metals
-column 2: silver-grey metals
-harder and less reactive than column 1 metals
-2 valence electrons
Chemical Families
Halogens
-column 17: coloured non-metals
-very reactive
-7 valence electrons
Noble Gases
-column 18: colourless, odourless gases
-very unreactive/inert (doesn’t combine easily with
other atoms)
Shade these categories on your periodic
table, write the names of the families and the
pattern of valence electrons
Periodic table families
Pattern for the Number of
Valence electrons
Information on the Periodic Table

The name, atomic number, atomic mass, state of matter
at room temperature,element symbol and ion charge is
usually given for each element
Atomic number-the number of protons in
an atom. It gives the
element its identity since this number
is UNIQUE for each element!
Atomic mass – protons + neutrons
Homework
p. 148 #1-5
p. 149 #1-3
p. 150 #1-3
****QUIZ on SECTION 4.1 Material (everything
up to today) on MONDAY!