Textbook Answers
CHAPTER 1 THE HUMAN BODY
QUESTION #1
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Integumentary (skin) system: epidermis and dermis layer; hair, nails, sweat and
sebaceous glands
Skeletal system: 206 bones and cartilage
Muscular system: muscle, fascia, tendon sheaths, bursae
Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves
Cardiovascular circulatory system: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Lymphatic circulatory system: lymph nodes, lymphatics, spleen, thymus, tonsils
Respiratory system: air sinuses, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Digestive system: mouth (teeth, tongue, salivary glands), oropharynx, esophagus,
stomach, liver and gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestine, rectum, anus
Urinary system: two kidneys, two ureters, bladder, urethra
Endocrine system: pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, pancreatic islets of
Langerhans, ovaries, testes, pineal gland
Reproductive system: (female) ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva; (male)
testes, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, penis, prostate gland, urethra
QUESTION #2
I. Ventral cavity (concerned with homeostasis)
A. Thoracic: divided into two pleural cavities (lungs) and pericardial cavity (heart)
Mediastinum: space between the pleural cavities contains trachea, esophagus, thymus, thyroid,
nerves, blood vessels, lymph vessels
B. Abdominopelvic: kidneys, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large and small intestine,
ovaries and uterus in females
II. Dorsal cavity (concerned with control and coordination)
A. Cranial cavity (brain)
B. Spinal cavity (spinal cord)
QUESTION #3
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After a meal, the pancreatic islets produce insulin, which moves excess glucose from the
blood to storage in the liver as glycogen.
Between meals, the pancreatic islets produce glucagon, which transforms stored
glycogen into glucose that then moves into the blood.
These maintain blood sugar levels within a narrow range.
QUESTION #4
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Increased temperatures cause blood vessels to dilate in the skin and heat then radiates
from the skin surface, sweat glands are activated, and evaporation of the water in sweat
cools the body.
Decreased temperatures cause blood vessels in the skin to constrict, minimizing heat loss
on the surface of the body; shivering caused by skeletal muscle contractions generates
heat.
The hypothalamus of the brain controls body temperature regulation.
QUESTION #5
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A cell is the basic unit of all biologic organization. It is composed of protoplasm, an
aqueous colloidal solution of protein, lipid, carbohydrate and inorganic salts organized
into minute structures and surrounded by a limiting membrane.
QUESTION #6
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Superior: uppermost or above; Inferior: lowermost or below; Anterior: toward the front or ventral; Posterior:
toward the back or dorsal; Cephalad: toward the head or cranial; Caudal: toward the tail; Medial: nearest the
midline of the body; Lateral: toward the side or away from the midline of the body; Proximal: nearest the
point of attachment or origin; Distal: away from the point of attachment or origin.
QUESTION #7
1.
2.
3.
A sagittal plane vertically divides the body into right and left portions.
A horizontal or transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
A frontal or coronal plane divides the anterior, or ventral, and posterior, or dorsal,
portions of the body at right angles to the sagittal plane.
MATCHING
2
Superior
1. Toward the back, dorsal
7
Anterior
2. Uppermost or above
11 Inferior
3. Toward the side
1
4. Nearest the point of
Posterior
attachment or origin
10 Medial
5. Any plane dividing the body
into superior and inferior
3
Lateral
4
Proximal
6. Away from the point of
attachment
6
Distal
7. Toward the front, ventral
5
Horizontal
8. The plane vertically dividing
the body into equal right and
left halves
8
Midsagittal
9. Toward the heart
10. Nearest the midline of the body
11. Lowermost or below
12. Frontal
Answers to Chapter Quizzes
in the Study Guide
CHAPTER 1 THE HUMAN BODY
1.
e
2.
d
3.
e
4.
a
5.
a
6.
c
7.
c
8.
b
9.
a
10.
b
11.
c
12.
b
13.
a
14.
b
15.
c
16.
d
17.
c
18.
a
19.
d
20.
b
21.
b
22.
e
23.
e
24.
d
25.
a
26.
b
27.
a
28.
d
29.
d
30.
d
31.
d
32.
d
33.
b
34.
a
35.
b
36.
a
37.
d
38.
b
Answers to Activities
in the Study Guide
CHAPTER 1 THE HUMAN BODY
A. COMPLETION
1.
anatomy, physiology
2.
directions, planes, cavities, structural
3.
superior, inferior
4.
ventral
5.
posterior
6.
cephalad or cranial
7.
proximal
8.
distal
9.
sagittal
10.
transverse
11.
coronal
12.
viscera
13.
cranial, spinal
14.
mediastinum
15.
parietal peritoneum
16.
cells
17.
protoplasm
18.
pathology
19.
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
20.
cardiac
21.
dermis, epidermis
22.
homeostasis
23.
sweat
24.
system
25.
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
26.
caudal
27.
systems
28.
skeletal
B. MATCHING
29.
c
30.
f
31.
i
32.
b
33.
g
34.
l
35.
a
36.
n
37.
k
38.
d
39.
o
40.
e
41.
h
42.
m
43.
j
C. KEY TERMS
Answers may vary.
44.
Second subdivision of ventral cavity
45.
Heart and vessels pump and distribute blood to and from all cells of the body
46.
Toward the head
47.
Binds together and supports other tissue and organs
48.
Divides front and back of body
49.
Farthest from origin
50.
Back or posterior
51.
Produces hormones that chemically regulate body’s functions temperature and pressure
52.
Lowermost or below/lower part of body
53.
Protects, insulates, regulates water and temperature, senses temperature and pressure
54.
Drains tissues, carries fats to blood, fights disease
55.
Section between pleural cavities
56.
Contains heart
57.
Increase in function in response to a stimulus
58.
Contains lungs
59.
Colloidal liquid in cells
60.
Nearest to origin
61.
Perpetuation of species
62.
Vertical line separating body into unequal left and right parts
63.
Glands located in the integumentary system
64.
Dorsal cavity containing spine and cord
65.
First subdivision of ventral cavity/chest
66.
Horizontal plane of body
67.
Chemical regulation of blood, excretion of waste, helps maintain homeostasis
68.
Organs of any cavity
D. LABELING EXERCISE
69.
70.
Also refer to Figure 1-1 in the text.
a.
Transverse (horizontal) plane
b.
Sagittal plane
c.
Frontal (coronal) plane
Also refer to Figure 1-2A in the text.
a.
Superior (cranial)
b.
Inferior (caudal)
c.
Medial
d.
Lateral
e.
Proximal
f.
Distal
E. COLORING EXERCISE
71.
Refer to Figure 1-3 in the text.
F. CRITICAL THINKING
Answers may vary.
72.
Protection/food selection
73.
Study of anatomy
74.
Nursing (arms to hold infant in front)
75.
Both fallopian tubes removed
76.
Reproductive is only needed for perpetuation of species
77.
Cells/tissues/organs/systems
78.
Feedback response causes body to react
79.
More oxygen to muscle cells
80.
Respiratory, integumentary, urinary, digestive
81.
Keep skin moist and pliable
G. CROSSWORD PUZZLE