By Chris Defeyter and Ashlie Sklenicka
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is when your body
doesn’t use insulin properly.
 At first your pancreas makes extra
insulin to make up for it and over time it
isn’t able to keep up and can’t make
enough to keep your blood glucose
levels normal.

Why we chose this topic?
Little is known about the impact of
resistance training and diabetes
 The regimen for improving the metabolic
profile with resistance training of older
patients with type two diabetes seemed
interesting.
 Diabetes is a growing problem in the US
in all ages.

Characteristics of Population
Men and women ages 60-80 with type 2
diabetes
 Subjects were overweight, sedentary, were
not taking insulin, and nonsmokers.
 110potential volunteers were invited to
attend a 6 month clinical trial
 Out of the 110 volunteers 47 were taken,
36 agreed to do the tests. After exclusions
29 were allowed to do the testings with an
ending drop out rate of 19%

Exclusions






History or physical findings of ischemic
heart disease
Systemic diseases
Uncontrolled hypertension
Advanced diabetic neuropathy or
retinopathy.
Subjects with severe orthopedic,
cardiovascular or respiratory conditions
6 people dropped out of the study after 8
weeks
Hypothesis

The aim of this randomized controlled
trial was to examine the effects of a 6
month high- intensity progressive
resistance training program, combined
with a healthy eating designed to elicit
moderate weight loss, on HbA1c and
body composition in older adults with
type 2 diabetes.
Testing of Hypothesis
6-month randomized controlled clinical trail
with repeated measurements performed at
3 month intervals. Subjects were randomly
assigned to either a high- intensity
progressive resistance training plus
moderate weight loss group.
 There was a resistance training and weight
loss group and a control group that was
just on a weight loss group.
 Used specific machines that tested HbA1c
levels in the patients.

Sessions
3 times per week on nonconsecutive
days
 5 min warm up and cool down of low
intensity stationary cycling and a 45
minute of high-intensity resistance
training
 Goal: to achieve between 75 and 85% of
the current 1-RM.

Sessions
Progressive resistance
training program used
free weights and a
multiple-station weight
machine.
 Used 3 sets of 8-10 reps
 Training increased
regularly as tolerated for
each muscle group and
1RM was reestablished
every 12 weeks.
 Used 9 different
exercises










Bench press
Leg extensions
Upright row
Lateral pull downs
Standing leg curl
Dumbbell seated
shoulder press
Dumbbell seated bicep
curls
Dumbbell triceps
kickbacks
Abdominal curls
Results
HbA1c: in the RT and WL programa
significant reduction in HbA1c at 3 and 6
months
 There was no change for the WL group
 In body composition and changes in
Anthropometic there was a significant
reduction for both RT and WL and just the
WL groups
 Expected muscle strength increased in RT
and WL but no in the WL group

Conclusion
The reduction in the HbA1c after
resistance training is likely to offered a
prognostic advantage in older patients
with type 2 diabetes.
 Patients with type 2 diabetes have
reported improved insulin sensitivity.

FITT recommendations
Frequency: 3-7days/ week
 Intensity: 40%-60% of VO2R
 Time: 150 min/ week
 Type: Emphasize activities that use
large muscle groups in a rhythmic and
continuous fashion.

Special considerations
Hypoglycemia is the most serious problem
for individuals with DM who exercise
 Blood glucose monitoring before and for
several hours following exercise
 The timing of exercise: using insulin,
changing insulin timing, reducing insulin
dose.
 Physical activity combined with oral
hypoglycemic agents haven’t been studied
and little is known about potential
interactions.

Exercise Prescription
All are 65% of 1RM and will increase every 12 weeks
5 minute warm up
 Bench Press
3x10
 Shoulder Press 3x10
 DB Flies 3x10
 Biceps
2x10
 Triceps
2x10
 Core
3-5 min
 5 minute cool down

Monday
Tuesday



Cycling
Elliptical
20 min
20 min
At a moderate intensity
of 50%
All are 65% of 1RM and will increase
every 12 weeks








5 minute warm up
Leg press
3x10
Leg extension 3x10
DB Lunges
2x10
Lat pull down
3x10
DB bent row
3x10
Core
3-5 min
5 minute cool down
Wednesday



Cycling
Elliptical
20 min
20 min
At a moderate intensity
of 50%
Thursday
All are 65% of 1RM and will increase
every 12 weeks
5 minute warm up
 Bench press
3x10
 Shoulder Press 3x10
 Leg Press
3x10
 Lat pull downs
3x10
 Triceps
2x10
 Biceps
2x10
 Core
3-5 min
 5 minute cool down

Friday