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Gait recognition technology is a biometric method
-- that is, a unique biological or behavioral identification characteristic, such as a fingerprint or a face
2002 Georgia Tech
2009 U.S. Federal Defense Studies
2009 India

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So far, Facial Recognition, despite its flaws as well, does possess one distinct Advantage over the existing Biometric Technologies-That is, it can scan subjects at a relatively far distance.
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But if Gait Recognition proves to be a viable means of Verifying and/or Identifying individuals, it could even surpass Facial
Recognition and Iris Recognition, or they could all possibly be used as a pretty extensive
Multimodal Security Solution.

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2013 Review of the literature
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Some degree of accuracy from 500 ft.
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Multiple corporate/scientific entities worldwide working on perfecting

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Facial Recognition Software – price reductions, accessibility, use by LE
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Gait Recognition Software – use at airports for known suspects/terrorists
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Websites such as www.whosarat.com
are potential sources of info
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Keep abreast of new websites as sources of impeachment material

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Budgets for investigation
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Time Frame required
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Juggling other cases – duty to defendant

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Attorney and Defendant Contacts
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Determine your role and extent of involvement in the case early on

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Private cases: Budget proposals
Indigent cases: State vs. Federal
In Either Criminal Case: Manage your investigative objectives responsibly
Often difficult to anticipate how an investigation may open up
Don’t waste resources (budget) going down the wrong path

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Meeting w/ defense attorney
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Meeting w/ defendant
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Review Discovery
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Discuss evidence against client
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Discuss initial theory of defense - subject to change
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Request copies of ALL Discovery

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Common Errors in Management of case by defense investigator
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Under budgeted: establish a budget that accounts for unforeseen work and expenses
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Time Commitment to case can be compromised by other cases that come in or existing cases that require more work
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Inattention to investigation priorities: for ex. waste time/budget

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State Court Appointed Cases
CJA Federal Appointed Cases
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Investigator as a Team Member of Defense should voice his/her objections
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Assist Defense Attorney in Motion language requesting additional budget
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Contact other Criminal Defense Attorneys to see if they have motions that you can utilize or modify

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Court: Eric Rudolph Defense Cost $4M
September 14,2005 | BIRMINGHAM, Ala. --
Legal fees to defend Eric Rudolph in a deadly
Alabama abortion clinic blast and the Atlanta
Olympics bombing cost taxpayers more than $4 million before he agreed to plead guilty in a deal that spared his life, court documents show.
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One of Rudolph's attorneys said Tuesday the bill would have been far higher had the case gone to trial." That would have probably tripled the cost," said Bill Bowen, part of a team of at least nine lawyers who defended Rudolph.

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Rudolph is serving four life terms after pleading guilty in the Birmingham clinic bombing, which killed a police officer in 1998, and the Olympics bombing, in which a woman died in 1996.
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He also pleaded guilty in two other bombings that occurred in Atlanta in 1997.
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U.S. Attorney Alice Martin said the government had not computed the total cost of prosecuting Rudolph, who was the subject of an intense manhunt following the Birmingham bombing in 1998 until
May 2003, when he was captured in Murphy, N.C.

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The cost of defending Rudolph was disclosed in an order filed last week by U.S. District Judge
Lynwood Smith. Attorneys in the Alabama case were paid $2.02 million for representing
Rudolph, who declared himself broke and received court-appointed legal representation following his arrest in 2003.
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Experts, investigators and others who assisted in the defense were paid another $2.02 million, according to Smith's order.

1.
(Eastern District of Alabama)

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Massive case with 10 defense investigators
10 at times up to 12 defense attorneys
5 Mitigation investigators
Team Defense meetings in Birmingham
Case Vault Security Online Repository for a half million Discovery Documents, investigative reports, photos etc.
Encrypted emails

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State of Florida v. Sean
Taylor
Star Safety: Washington
Redskins Charged with
Aggravated Assault with a
Firearm
An Only in Miami type of criminal prosecution
Assistant State Attorney in charge of prosecuting the
NFL star safety had a side job as a DJ on South Beach.
He was known as DJ Esq.

When Prosecutors
Mess Up!
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State of Florida v. Sean
Taylor
Star Safety: Washington
Redskins Charged with
Aggravated Assault with a
Firearm
Creativity came into play as a young associate just decided to google the prosecutor and came up with information that embarrassed the Miami-
Dade County State Attorneys Office and jeopardized their case.

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CASE:
TWO LESSONS LEARNED ON THIS
1. Always do a background check or at least media and social media check on the Prosecutor in your case
2. Always do multiple criminal background checks on State witnesses especially right before trial

Red
MIAMI, April 12 -The lead prosecutor in the felony assault case against Washington Redskins safety
Sean Taylor resigned from the case on Wednesday, hours after the defense alleged he was using it to promote his side career as a Miami Beach disc jockey.

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Miami Herald News Story:
“On a wild day in which Taylor's trial, scheduled to start Monday, was delayed for the sixth time
Assistant state attorney Michael Grieco, 30, shut down a personal web site detailing his DJ activities and relinquished his role as lead prosecutor even while his superiors accused Taylor's lawyers of a smear campaign”.

3.
Commonwealth of the Bahamas vs.
Troyniko McNeil

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DNA exoneration
Murrio Ducille, well respected Defense Attorney
Dr. Martin Tracey FIU retained
Professor to Bahamas DNA expert who had a flawed DNA match
Rare instance of Defense Investigator trumping defense attorney re: discussion on case direction and use of an expert

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Earlier this week, I had an interesting initiation into the Bahamian criminal justice system. The
Bahamas gained their independence in 1973 and previously had been a British Crown Colony.
Their political and judicial system is still heavily influenced by Britain.
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I have traveled there multiple times on criminal cases and even have met with top police officials on one case involving money laundering; But, I had never attended a court proceeding before.

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I sat in all day to hear testimony in a murder case trial wherein I am the defense investigator. I was in Supreme Court Number 2, Nassau, Bahamas.
The building appears to have been constructed in the late 1800’s.
The jurors, all twelve and alternates are seated on the left side and the prosecuting attorney and his assistants and defense counsel and his assistants sit at dark wood bench style desks in the center.

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The Court Clerk and his assistant sit at a desk facing out toward the attorneys and audience.
All the lawyers wear the traditional British white wigs and black robes with white cravats. The Judge wears a more ornate crimson robe with black vertical sash complete with white wig and is addressed as
"Your Lordship" and presides from a raised platform oak desk fifteen to twenty foot long.

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The defendant sits in the "dock" the traditional box in the center of the courtroom behind defense counsel. The various trial assistants, all wearing similar wigs and attire, sit at desks facing the judge.
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I noticed that a prosecution witness, the DNA expert who has testified numerous times in the
Bahamas turned toward the bench and bowed as he exited the courtroom.

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It was interesting to hear the prosecutor continually refer to defense counsel as "My learned friend". It was all so, shall I say “civilized”!
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Aside from these trappings and unfamiliar surroundings, there was a common theme, a drama: a young man's future at stake and another's future lost, the 37 year old victim who was an internationally known handbag designer.

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It is a front page murder case and has captured the public’s interest in Nassau
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The prosecution case is weak and hinges on suspect DNA evidence. There is no other evidence to implicate our client in the murder. There were mistakes made in the analysis
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The defendant is also alleged to have stabbed the victim (his father's business partner) multiple times while on crutches from a basketball injury.

Our defendant is a soft-spoken, polite 23 year father of two who says he has no knowledge of the crime. His father, the victim’s business partner was a suspect for a period of time and his DNA blood sample was excluded. Yet, nine months later his son’s sample was taken and was matched to trace DNA evidence at the scene.
He had often visited the victim’s residence since his father had lived there for a time. If you know anything about DNA evidence, that should raise a flag in your mind.

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The case is likely to go to the jury today and I am very hopeful that our client will be exonerated. This is a case where I really believe that our client is innocent!

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“The main point of my testimony was that the defendant lived or often visited the crime scene, so it was not at all surprising to see his DNA mixed in with swabs of blood stains which matched the victim ”.

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“His father was excluded, because father and son share 50% of their DNA and over 15 genes that means that the father had only a (1/2) to the 15th power = 1/32,768 chance of matching his son's profile”.

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Britain’s Leicester University
Geneticist Alec Jeffreys
1975 began his research
Soon recognized the potential for the use of
Repetitive regions of the genome to individual biological fluids

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First High Profile Forensic case covered in
Joseph Wambaugh’s book The Blooding
Rape and murder in a small British village of two high school girls
Worker at a mental hospital confessed to one murder
Police sent blood samples of this suspect and victim’s blood to Dr. Jeffrey’s for genetic analysis

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Suspect was exonerated as rapist/murderer who left semen at both scenes since his DNA profile was different from the semen sample takenfrom the victims
Revolutionary: police had the DNA fingerprint of the real rapist/murderer but NOT a name
Problem was there was no DNA database
Samples taken voluntarily from all men in village

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Several thousand samples were obtained
The assailant (Colin Pitchfork) asked a friend to provide a sample for him
Problem was the friend was overheard in a pub discussing the switch
Pitchfork’s sample was later taken and was a perfect match
He later pled guilty to both murders and got a life sentence

FORENSIC NEWS
08/14/2013
University of Leicester forensic scientists have created the UK’s first cat DNA database — which has already helped convict a killer

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Experts in the University’s Department of Genetics have compiled a database of DNA from 152 cats around the country.
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The database was used to demonstrate the likelihood that cat hairs found on the dismembered torso of
Hampshire man David Guy belonged to “Tinker”, a cat owned by main suspect David Hilder.
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This evidence was used as part of the prosecution case leading to the successful conviction of Hilder for manslaughter.

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“This is the first time cat DNA has been used in a criminal trial in the UK. We now hope to publish the database so it can be used in future crime investigations," says Dr. Jon Wetton, who led the project.
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“This could be a real boon for forensic science, as the 10 million cats in the UK are unwittingly tagging the clothes and furnishings in more than a quarter of households.”

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In July 2012, the torso of David Guy was found on a Southsea beach wrapped in a curtain on which eight cat hairs were found.
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Hampshire Constabulary sent the hairs to
California for analysis, where the scientists examined the cat’s mitochondrial DNA — a type of DNA contained in small structures within cells, and passed down the maternal line.

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The mitochondrial results showed not only a match with the suspect’s cat, “Tinker”, but also that the same DNA type had not been seen among 493 randomly sampled US cats.

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Patrick McGuinness, my twin brother and no we are not identical!
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Jacksonville Florida Public Defender for 32 years, private practice for 4 years
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Has tried more murder cases than 99% of attorneys in Florida
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Star of Oscar Winning Documentary