Using Entrepreneurship for social
change
Dr Shailendra Vyakarnam
Entrepreneurship – EU definition
• Ideas into action (so not just about starting businesses)
• OK – Entrepreneurship for social change?
• What social change
• Where do the ideas come from
• What do we mean by action?
What are the drivers for
social change?
The drivers for change….Socio-political
India
Berlin Wall
Hasselhof
China
Completely new markets
Migrations
Within and into
Europe
Is there a shift in
economic centre of
gravity?
Single
Economic system
The pyramid – Humans in a free
market view?
Empowering growth
Just another market
What social objectives do we have?
• Affordable healthcare?
• Job security
• Sense of opportunity in local areas
• Educational infrastructure
• Other….
Next – looking at action…..
Action needs entrepreneurs
Nascent
Novice
Serial
Habitual
Corporate
Social
Civic
Academic
High growth
Necessity based
Tribal or community
Some examples of major societal change through entrepreneurship
Sir Frank Whittle (left)
Dr. Hans von Ohain
Technology push or market pull….The Jet Engine story
More examples..
Making a united Europe a reality
Transforming
lives of the poor
Democratising
knowledge
Creating
breakthrough
technology
enterprises
Fig 2
Time and money
Acorn
Top Express
ARM
ANT
CDT
ESI
Virata nCipher
Net Channel
Solexa
Abcam
Adaptive
Broadband
•Raised £161m at start-up
•Trade exit valuations £1.76 bn
•IPO valuations £ 1.08 bn
CSR
Element 14
Plastic Logic
Tenison
Trigenix
Arakis
C Broadband
Teraview
Artimi
Level 5 Network
Nujira
Bango
Daniolabs
Cellcentric
78,79
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
RealVNC
Virtual Network
Merged with
Andy Hopper
Level5Network
Computing
Globespan Andy Hopper
Steve Pope
Ubisense
Andy Hopper
Peter Warton
Andy Hopper
Cambridge
Andy Hopper
Andy Ward
Broadband
IPV (Telemedia Hermann Hauser Acquired by American
Pete
Acquired by AT &T Systems)
Andy Hopper
Microwave
Virata(ATML)
Steggles
Adaptive
Simon Elliott
David Cleevely
VBN
online
Splashpower
Lily Chang
James Hay
John Snyder
Webtop
Smartlogik
Acquired by Dialog
Amadeus Capital Partners
Hermann Hauser
Tensails
nCipher
Mike Muller
Richard Green
Alex van Someren
Andy Hopper
Acquired by
Tudor Brown
Acquired by
Nicko van Someren
Broadcom
ARM Jamie Urquhart
GE
ANT
Element
14
Icera
Acquired by
Richard Green Small
Alex van Someren
Olivetti
Stan Boland
Stan Boland
Authur Chance World
Nicko van Someren
Simon Knowles Simon Knowles
Dick Newell
Cambridge Interactive Systems
Part of DAKO
Olivetti
Research Lab
Dick Newell, Tom Sancha
Acorn
Charles Lang
Hermann
Shape Data
Peter Duffett-Smith
CAD Hauser
CPS
Cambridge
University
Muscat
John Snyder
Martin Porter
Enterprise
Accelerator
John Snyder
Cambridge
Adam Twiss
Zeus
Semiconductor
David Reeves
Technology
Gehan Amaratunga
Pilgrim Beart
Florin Udrea
ActiveRF
Adam Twiss
Bryan Amesbury
Antenova
Pilgrim Beart
IQ Bio
Diagnostics
Hermann Hauser, Chris Keightley
Richard Friend
Richard Friend
Plastic Logic
1986-1990
David Cleevely
Cambridge
Hermann Hauser
Network
Alec Broers
1991-1995
Collin Ager
Garraint Davies
Innovia
Polight
Technologies
Stephen Elliott
Pavel Krecmer
1996-2000
Acquired by
E* Trade
CDT
Until 1985
ART
DakoCytomation Merged with
Cytomation Inc
Netchannel
Acquired by
Hermann Hauser
Hermann Hauser NTL
Top
Jack Lang
Jack Lang Electronic Share Jack Lang
express
Information
Laser-Scan Analysys
R. O. Frisch
David Cleevely
Daniel Hall
Saviso Group
Acquired by
Western
Multiplex
Hermann Hauser Corp
Broadband
TerraPrise
Fig 1
Cambridge
3G
David Cleevely
M-Spatial
2001-2002 Adrian Cuthbert
Jon Billing
Acorn alumni
Cambridge
Cambridge
Interactive
System
University
MRC
Laboratory
of Molecular
Biology
Sinclair
Radionics
1960
CCL
CAD
Centre
Barclays Bank
Sinclair
Research Ltd
1970
Cambridge
Science Park
Analysys
Glaxo
PA
Technology
Acorn
Seiko Epson
Research
Lab
Olivetti Research
Laboratory
(acquired by
AT&T in 1999)
Toshiba
Cambridge
Research
Laboratory
1980
Judge Institute of
Management
Studies
St. John
Innovation
Centre
Cambridge Research and
Innovation Ltd (CRIL)
Scientific
Generics
The Technology
Partnership
TTP
1990
Unilever Cambridge
Centre for Molecular
Informatics
Cambridge
Network
Nickerson
Biotech
Laboratory
Eicon
Research
Ltd
Institute of
Biotechnolog
y
Hitachi
Cambridge
Laboratory
Cantab
Pharmaceuticals
Amadeus Capital
Partners
Institute of
Manufacturing
2000
Entropic Research
Laboratory (acquired
by Microsoft in 1999)
BP
TTP Ventures
Glaxo Institute
of Applied
Pharmacology
Impact
• Personal wealth!
• New technologies – microprocessors; broadband; wireless;
OLEDS; and the applications of these to products
• Spawned a new generation of entrepreneurs (role model effect)
• Stimulated venture capital
• Stimulated new forms of Government funding
• Created interest in Universities – policy implications
• New IP regime – enabling further technology transfer
• Global mentality stirred up
• Encouraged inward investment
Let us go back a moment…
• Entrepreneurship is about making ideas happen…
• So we need ideas – for societal change
• We need Entrepreneurship – or in any case entrepreneurs
• We need to connect the two concepts
• How..
How to generate ideas?
Peter Phillips and Alan Barrell
Connections;
Curiosity
Brainstorming
Diversity of people and resources
Inspire large numbers
What is the risk – is it of failure or of never trying?
Priorities – how do we get to them?
Open discussions
Facilitated
Dynamic
Mentored
Provision of tools and information
Need a framework on which we can build
Moore
McLelland
•Role models
•Skills
•Understanding
•Tacit knowledge
inspire
Timmons
Bandura
•How to write plans
•Elevator pitches
•Raising finance
•Team formation
inform
Revans
•Networks
•Market research
•Business plan
competitions
•Mentoring
implement
Personal characteristics
Motivation
Self confidence
Entrepreneurial intent
When the mind is full of small thoughts where is the space for big ideas
From Ideas to action needs….
A supportive journey
Education
Finance
Institutions
Media
Government
Family
Etc.,
Intent
Building capacity
With intent –
to make a difference
In their chosen field
Self belief
Confidence
Have tried and succeeded
Know How
Skills
Practise –
Networking
pitching
Building track record
Incremental experience
To “Learning by Doing”
Understand context
And personal circumstances
Necessary conditions to achieve E 4 S
• Needs a sense of the positive
• A “What are you waiting for” attitude
• Sense of being empowered to act
• Presence of role models
• Tolerance of failure
• Skills, knowledge and networks
• Practise
Actually Entrepreneurship – is a process..
• The process requires –
– Entrepreneurial Skills
– Ability to validate an idea - not just have
them
– Understand what investors are looking for
• Acquire and practise skills –
– Social; networking; presentation; lobbying;
– Communicating the vision; getting buy-in
from peers and from senior colleagues
Personal attributes
• Self-belief - in the idea - its ability to make a difference and in
ones own conviction of being able to make it happen
• Perception of risk - is it reputational? Financial? Relational?
• An opportunity that stimulates the motivation/intention
• Personal circumstances
• Entrepreneurial motivation
Risk of doing something? – Or risk of never having done anything?
Fundamental understanding
• Entrepreneurial behaviours are “bottom up”
• They cannot be imposed “top-down”
Think big and act fast to make a difference
Entrepreneurship action plan
• Signalling from the top –
– with resources
• Clarify boundaries – what is in and what is out
• Encourage early –
- small victories to get into the habit
• HR policies
– web based rules - transparent
• Education and training events
• Broaden out the network
• Need for diversity - like never before
There is much hard work – needs resource
• Make it a tick box activity of
marking companies we like:
–
–
–
–
Socially relevant
Socially responsible
Socially meaningful..
Environmentally
responsible
– Charitable orientation
• Create a list of what we do not
like:
– Begging, criminal,
smuggling, Drugs, Sex,
labour exploitation,
protection rackets,
– Arms companies
– Tobacco companies
– Chemicals companies
– 4WD Car manufacturers
– And so on
In summary
• Reflected on social change; entrepreneurship and how to get
it stimulated and supported.
• Hope there are ideas for stimulating a plan for action..
• Thank you: s.vyakarnam@jbs.cam.ac.uk
Better to seek forgiveness than permission