American History II Review Sheet
The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor (1860-1896)
Challenges of Westward Movement
Roles of women
Roles of African Americans
Roles of Chinese
Roles of Irish
Sod houses, dugout homes
Motivation for Westward Movement
Joseph Smith
Brigham Young
Mormons
Homestead Act
Comstock Lode
Oklahoma Land Rush
Gold Rush
Impact of the transcontinental railroad
Dawes Act
Moving Native Americans to reservations
Chief Joseph
Nez Pearce
Promontory Point, Utah
Irish Immigrants
Chinese Immigrants
Development of the cattle, ranching, and mining industries
Repeater rifle – slaughter of buffalo
Development of cattle industry – use of railroads
The “long drive” – cowboys
Fencing the prairie, barbed wire
Closing the frontier – Turner Thesis
Mexican influence on the West
Westward Movement Impact on Indians
Destruction of:
Buffalo
Reservation system
Indian Wars
Sand Creek Massacre – Cheyenne
Battle of Little Bighorn/Custer’s Last Stand – Crazy Horse
Battle of Wounded Knee
Helen Hunt Jackson’s Century of Dishonor
Buffalo Soldiers
Rise and fall of Populism
Demand for “cheap” money – silver
Goldbugs versus Free Silverites
Election of 1896 – William McKinley versus William Jennings Bryan
Collapse of Populism
Impact of laws and court cases on the farmer
Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
Farmers versus railroads – Grange
Populist Party
Munn v. Illinois
Interstate Commerce Act
Growing discontent of the farmer
Southern Alliance
2
Colored Farmers’ Alliance
Omaha Platform
Rebates
Gold standard versus bimetallism
“Cross of Gold” speech
Greenback
Technological improvements in farming
Steel windmill
Steel plow
Mechanical reaper
Changing nature of farming as a business
Farmers’ Cooperatives
Increased dependence on railroads
Refrigerator car
Goal 4 Review Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why did settlers move westward and how did the government encourage them?
How did this migration affect Native Americans?
What led to the rise and fall of the cowboy era?
What were the causes of farmers’ economic problems and how did they intend to solve them?
Why did the Populist movement collapse?
Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900)
Urban Issues
Urbanization
Housing
Elevator
Dumbbell tenements
Jacob Riis
Sanitation
Transportation
Electric trolleys, streetcars, subways
The rise of ethnic neighborhoods
Culture shock
Social Gospel movement
Settlement houses, Jane Addams
“New Immigration” (before 1890 versus after 1890)
Ellis Island
Angel Island
Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gentlemen’s Agreement
Sweatshops
Cultural pluralism
Melting pot (?)
New forms of leisure
Amusement parks
Spectator sports
Central Park, Frederick Olmstead
Emergence of new industries
Railroads
Steel
Bessemer Process
U. S. Steel
3
Oil
Edwin Drake
Standard Oil
Other Technology
Telephone, Alexander Graham Bell
Harnessing electricity, Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse
Typewriter, Christopher Sholes
Changes in the ways businesses formed and consolidated power
Trust
Monopoly
Vertical and horizontal integration
Interlocking directorates
Influence of business leaders as “captains of industry” or as “robber barons”
Gilded Age
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
J. P. Morgan
Vanderbilts
Dukes
Relationship of big business to the government
Laissez-faire economics versus regulation
Credit Mobilier
Munn v. Illinois
Interstate Commerce Act
Sherman Antitrust Act
Influence of Darwinism, Social Darwinism, and the Gospel of Wealth
Philanthropy of robber barons versus business practices
Horatio Alger stories
Jacob Riis
Formation of labor unions
Working conditions
Wages
Child labor
Types of unions
National Labor Union, Sylvis
Knights of Labor, Powderly
American Federation of Labor, Gompers
American Railway Union, Debs
International Workers of the World, Haywood
Tactics used by labor unions
Strike
Collective bargaining
Arbitration
Mediation
Closed shop
Strikes:
Great Strike of 1877
Haymarket Affair
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
Opposition to labor unions
Haymarket Affair
Role of federal government, use of troops
Yellow-dog contract
Sherman Antitrust Act
4
Impact of law and court decisions
Sherman Antitrust Act
Tariff issue
“Laissez-faire” government policies
Operation of political machines
Boss Tweed
Tammany Hall
Patronage versus the civil service system
Pendleton Act
Mugwumps
Stalwarts versus Half-breeds
Election of 1892, Assassination of Garfield
Impact of corruption and scandal in the government
Thomas Nast
Credit Mobilier
Graft
Whiskey Ring
Election of 1896
Populism
Secret ballot (Australian ballot)
Referendum
Recall
Initiative
17th Amendment
Goal 5 Review Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How did new inventions and technologies influence American life?
What were the positive and negative aspects of railroad expansion?
What strategies enabled big business to eliminate competition?
How successful were labor unions in addressing poor working conditions?
What opportunities and problems existed in an urban setting?
What reform movements helped the urban poor?
7.
What attempts were made to deal with corruption in government and how successful was reform in this area?
The emergence of the United States in World Affairs (1890-1914)
Global and military competition
Alfred Mahan
Increased demands for resources and markets
Imperialism
Spheres of influence
Closing of the frontier
Frederick Jackson Turner
Exploitation of nations, peoples, and resources
Josiah Strong
Causes and conduct of the Spanish-American War
Yellow journalism
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
U. S. S. Maine
DeLome Letter
Treaty of Paris of 1898
“A Splendid Little War”
United States Interventions:
Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani
5
Latin America
Panama Canal
Pancho Villa raids
Caribbean
Jose Marti, Cuban Revolution, General Weyler
Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders
Admiral Sampson
Puerto Rico
Foraker Act
Insular Cases
Protectorate status
Platt Amendment (Cuba) – Guantanamo Bay
Asia/Pacific
Philippines
Filipino-American War
Aguinaldo
Commodore Dewey
Seward’s Folly (Alaska)
China
Spheres of influence
Hay’s Open Door Policy
Intervention versus isolation
“Jingoism”
Platt Amendment
Anti-Imperialism League
Missionary Diplomacy
Support for and opposition to U. S. economic intervention
Annexation of Hawaii
Panama Canal
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
Army Corps of Engineers
Dollar Diplomacy
Perception of the U. S. as a world power
Roosevelt Corollary, “Big Stick” diplomacy
Great White Fleet
Treaty of Portsmouth
Boxer Rebellion
Open Door Policy
Goal 6 Review Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What three factors spurred the new American Imperialism?
Why did the U. S. want to annex Hawaii?
What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American-Cuban War?
How did U. S. foreign policy at the turn of the century affect China?
How were the foreign policy philosophies of McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson different?
The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914)
Corruption and ineffectiveness of government
Muckraking
Ida Tarbell, The History of Standard Oil
Immigration and urban poor
Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities
Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
Urban slums
Working conditions
6
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Emergence of the Social Gospel
Unequal distribution of wealth
The roles of the Progressive presidents
Roosevelt
Square Deal
Coal Strike (1902)
Sherman Antitrust Act – Busts “bad” trusts (ones against the public interest)
U. S. v. E. C. Knight and Company (1895 – pre-TR; sugar)
Railroads:
Northern Securities v. U. S. (1904)
Elkins Act
Hepburn Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Conservation (Pinchot)
Progressive (Bull Moose) Party
Taft
American Tobacco v. U. S. (1911)
Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)
Pinchot-Ballinger controversy (conservation)
Trustbusting record #1
Wilson
New Freedom
Clayton Antitrust Act (All trusts are bad – bust them.)
Federal Trade Commission
Underwood Tariff
Federal Reserve System
Election of 1912
TR, Taft, Wilson, Debs (Socialist)
The growing power of the electorate
17th Amendment
Direct primary
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
The changing roles and influence of women
Hull House, Jane Addams
18th Amendment (Volstead Act)
Carrie Nation
19th Amendment (Women’s suffrage)
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Cary Chapman Catt
The impact of political and economic changes on the working class
16th Amendment (income tax)
The changing nature of state and local governments
Robert LaFollette
Child labor laws
Illinois Factory Act
Keating-Owen Act
New York fire codes
Maximum hours/work week cases
Mueller v. Oregon
Bunting v. Oregon
Disenfranchisement
7
Literacy test
Poll tax
Grandfather clauses
African-American responses to Jim Crow
Great Migration
Booker T. Washington (“Cast down your bucket where you are”)
W. E. B. DuBois (“Talented Tenth”)
Atlanta Compromise Speech
Niagara Movement
NAACP
Segregated society
Ida Wells Barnett – federal anti-lynching law
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Industrial innovations
Wright Brothers
Movie camera
Electricity
Skyscrapers
Sewing machine
Ford
Assembly line
Model T
$5 Day
Workers as Consumers
Emergence of advertising and consumerism
Coca-Cola
Mail-order catalogs
Kodak cameras
Airline service
Goal 7 Review Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
How did African Americans and women fight legal discrimination?
How were the various levels of government reformed?
What actions did Progressive presidents take to protect citizens and the environment?
What problems led to the splitting of the Republican Party?
The Great War and Its Aftermath (1914-1930)
Causes of World War I in Europe
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
Treaties of Alliance
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Serbia and Russia
Allies
Central Powers
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Schlieffen Plan
Use and effects of propaganda
U. S. antiwar sentiment
Election of 1916 – Wilson versus Hughes
Isolationists
Jeanette Rankin (vote versus war)
Reasons for U. S. entry into the Great War
U-boat warfare
8
Contraband
Zimmerman Telegram
Lusitania
Wilson – “Make the world safe for democracy”
Idealism
The importance of United States participation in World War I
John J. Pershing
American Expeditionary Force
Marshal Ferdinand Foch
Modernization of warfare
British blockade
U-boat wolfpacks
Convoy system
Trench warfare, “no man’s land”
Mustard gas
Airplanes
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker
Russian and Bolshevik Revolutions
The changing nature of United States foreign policy
Key factors in Allies’ success
Doughboys
Alvin York
Failure of United States to ratify the Treaty of Versailles
Armistice
Fourteen Points (#1-5, 14)
League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge
The “Big Four”
“Make Germany Pay”
war guilt clause
reparations
“Peace without victory”
Government bureaucracy in the United States
Committee on Public Information, George Creel
Food Administration, Herbert Hoover
War Industries Board, Bernard Baruch
Sale of Liberty Bonds
Anti-immigration sentiment and the first Red Scare
Red Scare
Emergency Quota Act (immigration)
International Workers of the World
Ku Klux Klan
Palmer Raids
Sacco and Vanzetti
Restrictions on civil liberties during wartime
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Imprisonment of Debs
Schenck v. U. S. (1919)
Political changes in Europe and the near East
Self-determination
New map of Europe
Russia’s separate treaty with Germany
Impact of isolationism on American foreign policy
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Washington Naval Conference
9
Dawes Plan
Goal 8 Review Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What were the long-term and immediate causes of WWI?
What were the immediate causes of U. S. involvement in WWI?
How did the United States prepare for war?
How did the U. S. sell the war?
What were the major effects of the Treaty of Versailles?
How did Wilson’s support for the League of Nations stand in the way of Senate support for the Treaty of
Versailles?
What were the major international consequences of WWI?
Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939)
The impact of presidential policies on economic activity
Harding
“Return to Normalcy”
Laissez-faire
Teapot Dome scandal
Albert Fall
Coolidge
Laissez-faire
Hoover
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (high!)
Rugged individualism
Boulder Dam
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
Home Loan Bank Act
Gassing the Bonus Army
Roosevelt
Election of 1932 (Hoover versus FDR)
New Deal
Direct relief
Rise and/or decline of major industries in the United States
Industries that boomed due to WWI tended to suffer first
Farmers in depression in 1920s
Factors leading to the stock market crash and the onset of the Great Depression
Speculation
Buying on the margin
Mechanization
“Black Tuesday”
Consumer spending habits and trends
Easy credit
Installment plan buying
Difficulties of farmers
Overproduction
Response to end of prosperity (Stock Market crash, Dust Bowl, Bonus Army, bank failures)
Hoovervilles
Soup kitchens
Breadlines
Radio
FDR’s “fireside chats”
Marketing, advertising
Public response to the Great Depression
The Lost Generation
10
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Sinclair Lewis
The Harlem Renaissance
Jazz
Langston Hughes
Louis Armstrong
Zora Neale Hurston
Prohibition
Speakeasies
Bootleggers
Leisure time and spectator sports
Flappers
Silent and “talkie” movies
“The Jazz Singer”
Babe Ruth
Charles Lindbergh
Automobiles
The “Back to Africa” movement and Pan-Africanism
Marcus Garvey
United Negro Improvement Association
W. E. B. DuBois
The Fundamentalists versus Freethinking Movement
Fundamentalism
Scopes Trial
Aimee Semple McPherson
Billy Sunday
Religion in Politics
The changing role of women
Margaret Sanger
Responses to the New Deal
Father Charles Coughlin
“Kingfish” Huey Long
Dr. Frances Townsend (not a woman, and not the first female cabinet member)
Liberty League
The Three R’ (Relief, Recovery, Reform)
FDR’s (First) New Deal
“Brain Trust”
Bank Holiday – Emergency Banking Relief Act
Fireside chats
First Hundred Days
Second New Deal (the forgotten man)
Setbacks in the Supreme Court
AAA and NIRA unconstitutional
Court-packing plan
Social Security Administration *
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) *
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) *
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) *
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
National Labor Relations Act (aka Wagner Act)
11
Fair Labor Standards Act *
Expansion of the role of the federal government
Deficit spending
Agencies noted with * still exist today
Women and minorities
Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins
“Black Cabinet”
Mary McLeod Bethune
Role of Eleanor Roosevelt
Marian Anderson
FDR opposes federal antilynching law
“Solid South”
John Collier, Indian Reorganization Act (reservations are back)
Goal 9 Review Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
How did nativist sentiment play out in the 1920s?
What evidence shows that the U. S. was interested in isolationist foreign policy?
What evidence suggests that the prosperity of the 1920s was not built on a firm foundation?
In what ways was traditional/rural life at odds with urban life during this period?
What were some of the important African American achievements during the Twenties?
What factors contributed to the Great Depression?
How did Hoover’s philosophy shape his approach to the Great Depression?
How did Roosevelt change the role of the federal government during his first Hundred Days in office?
What federal agencies were created to help farmers? Businesses? The unemployed?
Why did certain groups and people oppose the New Deal?
World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War (1930-1963)
Appeasement
Anschluss (Austria)
Munich Pact
Chamberlain
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Declaration of War in Europe
Blitzkrieg
Fall of France (Charles De Gaulle)
Rescue at Dunkirk
Battle of Britain (RAF v. Luftwaffe)
Winston Churchill
Isolationism
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Nye Committee
Reparations
Totalitarian governments
Fascism
Socialism
Communism
Adolf Hitler
Third Reich
Rise of the Nazi Party, 1933
Mein Kampf
Master race theory
Benito Mussolini
Emperor Hirohito
Japan’s economic problems (Manchuria, Manchukuo, Tojo)
Joseph Stalin
12
Collectivization, Five-Year Plans
Great Purges, Siberia
Non-Aggression Pact
Hitler invades – “scorched earth policy”
Treaty of Versailles
Worldwide depression
Persecution of Jews
Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
Ghettos
Genocide – Holocaust
Concentration camps
The United States at war
From Isolationism to Involvement
Quarantine Speech
Neutrality Acts
Cash and Carry
Lend-Lease Act
Atlantic Charter – five war aims
Selective Service Act
Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)
European Theater
North African Campaign against Rommel’s Afrika Corps
Eisenhower
Patton
Italian Campaign (Operation Torch)
Operation Barbarossa
Stalingrad
Operation Overlord (D-Day) – Invasion at Normandy
Battle of the Bulge
V-E Day
Pacific Theater
MacArthur
Nimitz
Battle at Coral Sea (protects Australia)
Midway
“leapfrogging” (island-hopping) strategy
Guadalcanal
Philippines (MacArthur returns) – Leyte Gulf
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Kamikazes
Hiroshima, Nagasaki
Death of FDR – Truman takes over
Manhattan Project – atomic bomb
Oppenheimer
V-J Day
Wartime Conferences
Casablanca
Tehran
Potsdam
Yalta
The influence of propaganda at home and abroad
Newsreels
Pamphlets
Air drops
Wartime posters
13
Four Freedoms
Designs for peace
Creation of the United Nations
Division of Germany
Occupation of Japan
Nuremberg Trials
Israel
The home front
FDR beats Wendell Wilkie (1940)
War bonds
Women in Service – WAACS, WAVES
Segregation of African Americans
Office of Research and Development – inventions
A. Philip Randolph – canceled March on Washington
War Production Board (WPB)
“Rosie the Riveter”
Office of Price Administration (OPA)
rationing
Suspension of civil liberties
Relocation of Japanese-Americans
Korematsu v. U. S.
Suburbanization
(This topic is repeated in Goal 11; terms are included in 11.01)
Transition to peacetime
Postwar economic boom
AFL-CIO
Taft-Hartley Act
U. S. military intervention
Korea
38th Parallel
North (Communist) invades South
U. S. and United Nations (MacArthur)
Cease-fire (two Koreas)
CIA
Cuba
Fidel Castro
The Cold War
Civil War in China: Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek) versus Communists (Mao Zedong)
Iron Curtain
Division of Germany
Berlin Blockade and Airlift
Domino Theory
Containment
Eastern Europe
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Balance of power
Alliance for Progress
NATO
Warsaw Pact
Organizations for peace
Organization of American States
SEATO
United Nations
14
Security Council
Goal 10 Review Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
How did the Versailles Treaty and the Great Depression contribute to the rise of dictators throughout
Europe?
How did America’s isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s contribute to World War II?
What factors led to Hitler’s seizure of nearly all of Europe by 1941?
What were Japan’s goals for becoming involved in WWII?
What developments indicated that the U. S. was moving toward entering the war by 1941?
How did the U. S. mobilize for war after Pearl Harbor?
Describe the basic strategy of the U. S. during WWII in both the European and Pacific fronts.
What was the aftermath of the war for Germany and Japan?
Explain the factors at the end of WWII that led to the Cold War.
Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980)
Effects of Cold War on America’s home life
Postwar economic boom
G. I. Bill
McCarran Internal Security Act
Alger Hiss
The Rosenburgs
Domino Theory and Geopolitics
Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy
John Foster Dulles – massive retaliation
Hydrogen bomb
Brinkmanship
Soviets in Hungary
Suez Canal Crisis
Sputnik
U-2 Incident
ICBMs
John Glenn
Krushchev
Eisenhower Doctrine
Geneva Accords
Kennedy’s Foreign Policy
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Wall
Washington-Krushchev hotline
Limited Test Ban Treaty
McCarthyism
Loyalty Review Board
House Un-American Activities Commission
McCarthyism
Hollywood blacklists
Spread of suburbia
Baby boomers
Levittown
Northern Migration
Middle-class
Conglomerates/franchises
Conformity
Effects of television
White flight/poverty in cities
Effects of Nixon’s visits to China and Moscow
Détente
15
Ping-pong diplomacy
Carter’s Human Rights Foreign Policy and the Collapse of Détente
Helsinki Accords (1975)
The Military-Industrial Complex
The Civil Rights Movement
De jure and de facto segregation
Affirmative Action
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Thurgood Marshall
Little Rock Nine
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Congress on Racial Equality (CORE)
Sit-ins
Freedom Rides
Birmingham March
March on Washington
“I Have a Dream” speech
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1968
Selma Campaign
Freedom Summer
Voting Rights Act of 1965
James Meredith
George Wallace
Tension within the Movement’s Leadership
Malcolm X/Nation of Islam
Stokely Carmichael/Black Power
Huey Newton and Bobby Seales/Black Panthers
Changes in State and Federal Legislation
Executive Actions
Truman
Desegregation of the U. S. military
Eisenhower
Enforcement of Brown v. Board
Kennedy
Johnson
Cultural Movements
Feminists
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique
National Organization for Women (NOW)
Gloria Steinem
Phyliss Schafly
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Failure of Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
American Indians
American Indians Movement (AIM)
Latinos
United Farm Workers
Cesar Chavez
16
Labor Movement
Environmental Movement
Social Movements
Pop Culture
Rock and Roll
Elvis Presley
Counterculture
Hippies
Woodstock
The Beatnik Movement
Jack Kerouac
Socio-economic Status and Jobs
White-collar
Blue-collar
Pink-collar
Significance of the Domino Theory
Geneva Accords
U. S. Involvement in Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
Overthrow of Ngo Diem
Vietcong, guerilla tactics
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
General Westmoreland
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
U. S. Tactics
Operation Rolling Thunder
Carpet bombing
Napalm
Agent Orange
Search and destroy missions
Vietnam’s Effect on U. S. Politics and Society
Credibility gap
Draft exemptions
My Lai Massacre
Invasion of Cambodia
Pentagon Papers
War Powers Act
Opposition
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Draft dodging
Kent State Massacre
Vietnamization
Fall of Saigon
Role of the Media
Living room war
The Impact of the Space Race on Education
Technological Changes
Mass Media
Color television
Communication
Military
Science
17
Microwave
Medicine
Electronics
Silicon Valley
Data storage
Transportation
Energy
Nuclear power
Connection of Population Shifts to Technological Changes in Society
* Fair Deal
1948 Election (Truman versus Dewey)
Little Rock Nine
* Dynamic Conservatism
Interstate and Defense Highway Act
New Frontier
Kennedy-Nixon TV Debates
Flexible response doctrine
Keynesian economics
Peace Corps
Alliance for Progress
NASA – moon landing goal
Neil Armstrong
Assassination – Warren Commission Report
Great Society
HeadStart
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Medicare/Medicaid
Warren Court Rulings
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Civil Rights Acts of 1964, 1965
New Federalism/Law and Order
Revenue sharing
“Enemies list”
Nixon’s Southern Strategy
“gradual integration”
stagflation
OPEC/oil embargo
Voter Apathy
1968 as a Turning Point
Election
Johnson does not seek re-election
Democratic National Convention in Chicago
Robert F. Kennedy’s candidacy
Eugene McCarthy as “dove” candidate
Nixon elected
RFK
Assassination by Sirhan Sirhan
MLK, Jr.
Assassination by James Earl Ray
TET Offensive
Psychological turning point of American involvement
Watergate Scandal
New York Times v. U. S. (1971)
18
Sam Ervin, Senate Commission
John Dean
Woodward and Bernstein
U. S. v. Nixon (1974)
Presidential pardon
Changing relationship of the federal government (sic)
Urban Renewal Programs
The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-Present)
Problems in the Third World
Famine in Somalia, Ethiopia
Apartheid
Nelson Mandela
Bosnia
Modern-day Genocide
Saddam Hussein
AIDS and Pandemics
Politics of Oil
Iran-Contra Affair
Persian Gulf War
Rise of Religious and Political Radicalism
Nationalism for Palestine
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Yasser Arafat
U. S. invasion of Lebanon
Yom Kippur War
Camp David Accords
Anwar el-Sadat
Menachem Begin
Shah of Iran
Ayatollah Khomeini
Iranian Hostage Crisis
Jimmy Carter
Collapse of Communism
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
INF Treaty
Mikhail Gorbachev
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Tienanmen Square
European Union
Changing Roles of International Organizations
Role of Lobbyists and Special Interest Groups
Political Action Committees (PACs)
The Supreme Court
Minority Rights
Regents of California v. Bakke (1978), reverse discrimination
Affirmative Action
Texas v. Johnson (1989) -- flag burning
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg – bussing to achieve racial integration
Privacy Rights
Conservative Justices
William Rehnquist
Sandra Day O’Connor
19
Clarence Thomas
Recession: Economic Boom and Bust
Ford’s Administration
Whip Inflation Now (WIN)
Stagflation
Reagan’s Administration
Supply-side Economics
“Trickle-down” Theory
National Debt
NASDAQ (1990s)
Benefits and Conflicts of Continued Globalization
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Conservation Measures
Department of Energy
National Energy Act
Solar Energy
Impact of Economics on
Lifestyle
Failure of healthcare reform
Stock Market
Job Market
Impact of Technology on Way of Life
Three Mile Island
Challenger disaster
Computer Revolution
Microsoft, Bill Gates
Internet
Changes from Industrial Economy to Service Economy
Changing Society
Social
Amnesty for draft-dodgers
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Geraldine Ferraro
Title IX
Graying of America
Multiculturalism
No Child Left Behind Act
Political
Election of 1976 – Carter versus Ford
Elections of 1980-2000
New Right Coalition
New Federalism
New Democrat
Ross Perot (1992)
Newt Gingrich (1994 Republican Revolution, Contract with America)
Bill Clinton (1992)
Al Gore (2000)
Joe Lieberman (2000 VP candidate)
John McCain (2000 Republican candidate)
27th Amendment
Cultural
Demographic
Presidential Troubles
20
Major Issues
Healthcare
Welfare Reform
Medicare
AIDS
Growing Cultural Diversity in the U. S.
Green card
Nativist
Bilingual education
Questions of Race
Minorities in politics
Population Changes and New Demographics
Restrictions on Civil Liberties
Patriot Act
The Challenge to the American Spirit
Embassy bombings
September 11, 2001
World Trade Center bombing
Pentagon
Osama bin Laden
Terrorist Network
U. S. Government Policy Toward Terrorism
Colin Powell
Department of Homeland Security
Airport security
Pre-emptive strikes
“Axis of Evil”
Nuclear proliferation
Impact of Terrorist Threats on U. S. Foreign Policy
War in Afghanistan
Taliban Regime
War in Iraq
Goal 12 Review Questions:
1. What were the causes of the growth in popularity of conservative politics in the U. S. during this
period?
2. What were the policies and events that brought about an end to the Cold War?
3. What U. S. actions and world events reflected the identity of America as “THE superpower” of the
world during this time period?
4. What events and trends challenged that notion of U. S. superiority and power?
5. What led to the prosperity of the 1990s and the recession in the new century?
6. How did population trends, including the “graying” of the baby boomers and the growth of
minority populations in the U. S., affect U. S. culture and policies during the era?
7. How were energy consumption and sources of energy at odds with environmental concerns during
this era?
8. How has the threat of terrorism shaped American life in this era?