Exercise Physiology
Field tests and easy functional trials
Field tests
Advantages
- practical, inexpensive, less-time consuming, easy to
administer to large groups (school)
Disadvantages:
- have been already discussed
Based on:
- walking, running, cycling, swimming, bench stepping, knee-bending
- measurement of time, distance and mainly HR
Heart rate
- belongs to main cardiovascular fitness parameters
- exercise causes increase, after exercise - decrease
- HRrest – measurement in the morning after waking up before getting up
HRrest
×
HRexercise
×
HRpostex.
HRmax – generally decrease in trained or no change
HRrest –
70 beats/min (average)
↑ 90 beats/min (tachycardia)
↓ 60 beats/min (bradycardia)
Heart rate
- Measurement
- by tough of artery on wrist, neck, etc. (easy but inaccurate)
- EKG very accurate but unpractical in sport
- Monitor of heart rate – based on distance between R-R
(chest belt – transmitter and watch - receiver )
Easy functional trails
Monitoring of HR (rest, exercise, post-exercise)
Problem: reliability (lots of different designs)
There are many functional trails
For example:
a] Ruffier trial
b] Step-test
Ruffier test
1] monitoring of resting HR – real HRrest !!! [HR1]
2] 30 knee-bends in 30 seconds
3] sitting down and immediate monitoring of HR [HR2]
4] monitoring of HR 1 minute after exercise [HR3]
Fitness index =
(HR1+HR2+HR3) -200
10
Ruffier test
Evaluation
Index of fitness
Level of fitness
<0
excellent
0.1 – 5
good
5.1 – 10
average
10.1 – 15
under average
> 15.1
poor
Test is not suitable for elderly and persons with
illnesses of lower limbs and joints.
Step-test
Based on decrease of pos-exercises HR
Many of modification: Astrand-Ryhming step test protocol,
Queen’s College step test protocol, Chester’s step test protocol
We need:
- bench (chair)
- stop-watch
- metronome (time keeper)
- monitor of HR
Chester’s step-test protocol
1] bench: 50 cm ♂, 40 ♀, 30 children
2] duration: 5 minutes if possible
3] frequency: 30 steps/min
4] movement: exchange of legs on the top of bench
5] immediate sitting down after termination of exercise
6] monitoring HR in recovery:
- 1 min (HR1), 2 min (HR2), 3 min (HR3) after exercise
Chester’s step-test protocol
duration of exercise (s)*100
Fitness index =
(HR1+HR2+HR3)*2
Evaluation
Index of fitness
Level of fitness
< 90
poor
90 – 110
average
> 110
good
Field tests
Walking test
Based on achievement (duration) and reaction of HR
We need:
- stop-watch
- monitor of HR
- flat and direct path
The task is:
To walk as fast as possible 2 km long way, but NO RUN!
(It should takes 12 – 16 min)
Walking test
Measurement:
- duration in min (45 s = 0.75 min)
- HR in finish (immediately)
Calculation of:
- age
- BMI
weight (kg)
BMI (body mass index) =
height2 (m)
below weight = < 20 (♀ 19)
normal = 20 – 25 (♀ 19 – 24)
above weight = 25 – 30 (♀ 24 – 29)
obesity = > 30 (♀ 29)
Walking test (fitness index)
male = 434-(duration-11.6)-(HR*0.56)-(BMI*2.6)+(age*0.2)
female = 431-(duration-11.6)-(HR*0.56)-(BMI*2.6)+(age*0.2)
Evaluation
Index of fitness
< 70
Level of fitness
poor
71 - 89
under average
90 – 110
average
111 – 130
good
> 131
excellent
Walking test
Estimation of VO2max
VO2max =
132.85-(0.016*weight)-(0.39*age)+(6.32*G)-(3.26*duration)-(0,16*HR)
kg
years
gender
♂=1
♀=0
minutes
The test is suitable for almost everyone, mainly for old
persons.
The test is not suitable for very well trained.
Shuttle ran test (Leger’s test)
Purpose:
To estimate the maximum aerobic power.
We need:
- recorder with tape with pacing sounds on it
- stop-watch
- clear area with two parallel lines (20 m spacing)
The task is:
On the signal from tape to move from behind of one line behind
the second line and back as long as possible
Shuttle ran test (Leger’s test)
Speed - start:
7.5 km/hour
Increase of pace: 0.5 km/hour for one minute
Termination:
1] feelings of inability to continue
2] inability to reach the line two times in
sequence
20 m
Shuttle ran test (Leger’s test)
Evaluation:
poor
average
good
age
< 5:30
> 7:30
10
< 7:30
> 9:00
14
< 8:30
> 10:30
20
< 7:00
> 8:00
30
< 5:00
> 7:30
40
problem: sliding – shoe sole
Cooper test
12 minutes run test on 400-meter track
The task is:
To run as far as possible
The test is based on positive correlation between
the run distance and VO2max
Estimation of VO2max
VO2max = 22.36 * (km) – 11,29
Cooper test
The test is suitable for healthy and better trained
Highly dependent on motivation!!!