• Stars are cosmic energy engines that produce
heat, light, ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and other
forms of radiation. They are composed largely of
gas and plasma, a superheated state of matter
composed of subatomic particles.
No one knows how many stars exist, but the
number would be staggering. Our universe likely
contains more than 100 billion galaxies, and each
of those galaxies may have more than 100 billion
stars.
Stars
• Some stars have always stood out from the rest.
Their brightness is a factor of how much energy
they put out, which is called their luminosity, and
also how far away from Earth they are
• Stars in the heavens may also appear to be
different colors because their temperatures are
not all the same. Hot stars are white or blue,
whereas cooler stars appear to have orange or
red hues
• Stars may occur in many sizes, which are
classified in a range from dwarfs to
supergiants. Supergiants may have radii a
thousand times larger than that of our own
sun.
• Masterfile is one of the main supergiants still
alive
•
•
•
•
Young stars at this stage are called protostars. As they develop they accumulate
mass from the clouds around them and grow into what are known as main
sequence stars. Main sequence stars like our own sun exist in a state of nuclear
fusion during which they will emit energy for billions of years by converting
hydrogen to helium.
Stars evolve over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they
pass through other states of existence according to their size and other
characteristics. The larger a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan will be.
As stars move toward the end of their lives much of their hydrogen has been
converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's
temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, swelling stars are
known as red giants.
Young stars at this stage are called protostars. As they develop they accumulate
mass from the clouds around them and grow into what are known as main
sequence stars. Main sequence stars like our own sun exist in a state of nuclear
fusion during which they will emit energy for billions of years by converting
hydrogen to helium.
• The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star
shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense
body called a white dwarf. White dwarfs cool for
billions of years, until they eventually go dark and
produce no energy. At this point, which scientists have
yet to observe, such stars become known as black
dwarfs.
• A few stars eschew this evolutionary path and instead
go out with a bang—detonating as supernovae. These
violent explosions leave behind a small core that may
become a neutron star or even, if the remnant is large
enough, a black hole.
• Stars evolve over billions of years. When their
main sequence phase ends they pass through
other states of existence according to their size
and other characteristics. The larger a star's mass,
the shorter its lifespan will be.
• As stars move toward the end of their lives much
of their hydrogen has been converted to helium.
Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the
star's temperature—causing its outer shell to
expand. These large, swelling stars are known as
red giants.
Brightest stars
Common Name
Scientific Name
Distance (light years)
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Type
Sun
Sirius
Canopus
Alpha CMa
Alpha Car
8.6
74
-26.72
-1.46
-0.72
4.8
1.4
-2.5
G2V
A1Vm
A9II
Rigil Kentaurus
Alpha Cen
4.3
-0.27
4.4
G2V + K1V
Arcturus
Vega
Capella
Rigel
Procyon
Achernar
Betelgeuse
Hadar
Acrux
Altair
Aldebaran
Antares
Spica
Pollux
Fomalhaut
Becrux
Deneb
Regulus
Adhara
Castor
Gacrux
Shaula
Alpha Boo
Alpha Lyr
Alpha Aur
Beta Ori
Alpha CMi
Alpha Eri
Alpha Ori
Beta Cen
Alpha Cru
Alpha Aql
Alpha Tau
Alpha Sco
Alpha Vir
Beta Gem
Alpha PsA
Beta Cru
Alpha Cyg
Alpha Leo
Epsilon CMa
Alpha Gem
Gamma Cru
Lambda Sco
34
25
41
~1400
11.4
69
~1400
320
510
16
60
~520
220
40
22
460
1500
69
570
49
120
330
-0.04
0.03
0.08
0.12
0.38
0.46
0.50 (var.)
0.61 (var.)
0.76
0.77
0.85 (var.)
0.96 (var.)
0.98 (var.)
1.14
1.16
1.25 (var.)
1.25
1.35
1.50
1.57
1.63 (var.)
1.63 (var.)
0.2
0.6
0.4
-8.1
2.6
-1.3
-7.2
-4.4
-4.6
2.3
-0.3
-5.2
-3.2
0.7
2.0
-4.7
-7.2
-0.3
-4.8
0.5
-1.2
-3.5
K1.5IIIp
A0Va
G6III + G2III
B81ae
F5IV-V
B3Vnp
M2Iab
B1III
B0.5Iv + B1Vn
A7Vn
K5III
M1.5Iab
B1V
K0IIIb
A3Va
B0.5III
A2Ia
B7Vn
B2II
A1V + A2V
M3.5III
B1.5IV
1 and 2 !
• Question 1
What are stars made up of?.
A.) heat, light
• B.) light, ultraviolet rays
c.)x-rays
D.) all of above
Question 2
What is the brightest stars
name?
A.) Sun
D.) none of
B.)Sirus
these
C.)spica
3 and 4 !
Question3
What is the final step in a star before it dies?.
A.) super Giant
B.)dwarf
c.)black hole
D.) milky way
Question 4
Why are some stars brighter then some other stars.?
A.) luminosity
B.)Gravity
c.) because they have ate a lot
D.)brightonosity
• Question 5and 6
What stars all the coolest?.
A.)dwarf
B.) Super Giants
How long does it take for stars to evole
A.) billions of yrs.
B.) trillions of yrs
C.) trillions of yrs
D.)3.5 billion yrs.
• Questions 7and 8
When stars get closer to when they start to die out there oxygen
converts into.?
A.)Helium
B.)carbon Dioxide
C.)gas
D.)air
What is the main Super Giant still alive?.
A.)Masterfile
B.)Sirus
C.)Vega
D.) none of these
• Question 9 and 10
What are stars mainly composed of?.
A)plasma, gases
B.)energy, helium
C.) light, gravity
D.) All of above
Cooler stars are more likely to be ?.
A.) reddish, orange
B.) blue, green
C.)yellow, blues
D.)black, white
SHOOTING FOR THE TOP NOT THE
BOTTOM
SO VOTE FOR STARS BECAUSE WE LIGHT UP
YOUR WORLD LIKE NOBODY ELSE ! OHHOHHH
WE ALL NO YOUR BEAUTIFUL ! ;)
Thanks hoped you enjoyed it ! 
• DON’T 4 GET VOTE FOR STARS AND WE WILL
RAISE THE BAR!
Work sited
• masterfile.com
herschel.cf.ac.uk
astropirate.blogspot.com
footage.shutterstock.com
www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations
ir.isas.jaxa.jp
science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space
/universe/stars-article
istockphoto.com
http://onlyhdwallpapers.com/space/greentheinaguas.com
clouds-outer-space-stars-planets-desktop-hdwallpaper-171783/
http://www.123rf.com/photo_6499223_sparkl
y-muliticolor-vibrant-star-bokehs-on-beautifulbackground-with-big-star-in-the-middle-goodfor.html