Jennifer Martin
Holdings
#1 Bradley vs. Pittsburgh Board of Education (1990)
- A teacher’s First Amendment rights do not extend to choosing their own curriculum
or classroom management techniques in contravention of school policy or dictates.
#2 Mailloux vs. Kiley (1971)
- The state, not the school district, may not suspend or discharge the teacher over the
content unless they prove he/she was put on notice either by a regulation or otherwise
that he/she should not use the content, because it violates the due process of law.
#3 Fagan vs. Summers (1972)
- The teacher or school officials cannot be held accountable when it is shown that the
supervision of the playground is adequate or that the accident could not have been
prevented if more supervisors had been present.
#4 Wisconsin vs. Yoder (1972)
- Any state law requiring compulsory education cannot be in conflict with religion
because that violates the students’ First Amendment rights.
#5 Tinker vs. Des Moines Community School District (1969)
- A prohibition against expression of opinion, without any evidence that the rule is
necessary to avoid substantial interference with school discipline or the rights of
others, is not permissible under the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
#6 Bethel School District No. 403 vs. Fraser (1986)
- School districts have the authority to decide what manner of speech is inappropriate
and can discipline accordingly.
#7 Hazelwood School District vs. Kuhlmeier (1988)
- Educators have control over the content of articles and any publication financed by
the school.
#8 New Jersey vs. T.L.O. (1985)
- It is not a 4th and 14th Amendment violation for school officials to search lockers or
purses of students if there is reasonable suspicion.
#9 Zobrest vs. Catalina Foothills School District (1993)
- A private religious school is not required by law to provide a Sign Language
Interpreter, and it is not in direct violation of the Free Exercise Clause in the First
Amendment.
#10 Karr vs. Schmidt (1972)
- A student’s right to wear his or her hair in a certain way was not considered a
fundamental right guaranteed.
Jennifer Martin
#11 Flavo vs. Owasso Independent School District (2000)
- The US Supreme Court in 2002 said that students grading each other’s papers and
calling out grades is a constitutional practice.
#12 Ingraham vs. Wright (November 1976- April 1977)
- Public school teachers are able to paddle their students as punishment, without it
violating the student’s 8th and 14th amendment rights.
#13 Franklin vs. Gwinnet County Public Schools (1992)
- A school district can be held liable in damages in cases involving a teacher’s sexual
harassment of a student.
#14 Gebser vs. Lago Vista Independent School District (1998)
- Plantiffs may not seek compensation under Title IX of the Education Amendments of
1972 for sexual harassment by teachers unless an authorized administrator has
knowledge and is grossly indifferent to the matter at hand.
#15 Mozert vs. Hawkins County Public Schools (1988)
- All students must participate in classroom instruction as mere exposure to materials
which conflict with individual religious beliefs do not violate students’ constitutional
rights or the free exercise clause of the First Amendment.