TYPES OF CHEMICAL
BONDS
By Hannah Gibson and Luis Cancino
Types

I.

1.

1.
Ionic Bonds
Ex. Table Salt
Covalent Bonds
Ex. Water
Hydrogen Bonds
Ex. DNA
Ionic Bonds:








Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom
to another
Atoms are electrically neutral
When atoms gain/lose electrons during bonding the positive
and negative are no longer balanced, the result are ions which
are charged particles
When an atom gains an electron it becomes negative
Negatively charged particles are called anions
When an atom loses a particle it becomes positive
Positively charged particles are called cation
The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly known as
table salt
Covalent Bonds:









The bonds of molecules in which atoms share electrons called covalent
molecules
Electrons are shared equally between the atoms of the molecule, these
molecules are called nonpolar covalently bonded molecules
Carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule
When covalent bonds are made the molecule formed always has a definite
three-dimensional shape
Shape of a molecule plays a major role in determining which atoms or
molecules it can interact with
Shape may also result in unequal electron-pair sharing
A polar molecule is a molecule with 2 charged poles
Polar molecules orient themselves toward other polar molecules or charged
particles like ions and proteins (hold important role In chemical reactions that
occur in body cells)
A water molecule is formed when 2 hydrogen atoms bind covalently into 1
oxygen atom
Hydrogen Bonds:




Extremely weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom
bound to one electron-hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is
attracted by another electron-hungry atom
Hydrogen bonding is common between water molecules,
this is reflected by the waters surface tension
Hydrogen bonds are also important intermolecular bonds,
they help bind different parts of the same molecule
together into a special three-dimensional shape
Hydrogen bonds are very important in helping to maintain
the surface of protein molecules, which are essential
functional molecules and body-building materials
Questions 1
1. Electrons in what bond are neaural?
A.
Ionic
B.
Covalent
C.
Hydrogen
2. What shape does a covalent bond’s molecules make
A.
None
B.
3 dimensonal
C.
Regular
Questions 2
3. What does Hydro mean?
A.
Fire
B.
Water
C.
Earth
4. What is NaCl?
A.
Salt
B.
Pepper
C.
Nutmeg
Works Cited:
1.
Marieb, Elaine. “Chemical Bonds.” Essentials of Human
Anatomy & Physiology. Serina Beauparlant. Eighth. San
Francisco: Pearson, 2006. 34-37.