Textbook Section: 2-2 Properties of Water
Outline:
A. The Water Molecule
a. Polarity
i. Water molecules are polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons
between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
ii. The negative pole is near the ______________________ atom and the
______________ pole is near the hydrogen atoms.
b. Hydrogen Bonds
i. Because of their partial positive and negative charges, polar molecules can
attract each other. Example of a polar molecule: ____________________
ii. Hydrogen bonds form between the Hydrogen atom on one molecule with an
oxygen atom on another molecule. Hydrogen bonds are ___________ bonds.
iii. Cohesion- an attraction between water molecules of the same substance.
Water is extremely cohesive because of _____________________________.
Example of cohesion: _____________________________________________
iv. Adhesion- is an attraction between molecules of different substances. Example
of adhesion: _____________________________________________________
c. Reflection of Reading:
i. Points of Confusion:
ii. Summary of Section:
B. Solutions and Suspensions
a. Mixture________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
i. Example of a mixture: ______________________________________________
ii. Two types of mixtures made with water are _____________________________
and __________________________.
b. Solution- mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances
are evenly distributed.
i. Solute- _________________________________________________________
ii. Solvent- ________________________________________________________
c. Suspensions- mixture of water and nondissolved material.
i. Example of suspension: ____________________________________________
d. Reflection of Reading:
i. Points of Confusion:
ii. Summary of Section:
C. Acids, Bases, and pH
a. Write the equation for the ionization of water
b. The pH Scale
i. Definition:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ii. Range: ___________________________________________________________
1. 0-6 = _________________ ex: __________________________________
2. 7= ___________________ ex: __________________________________
3. 8-14= ________________ ex: __________________________________
iii. The lower the pH, the greater the ___________________________.
iv. The higher the pH, the more _______________________ the solution.
c. Acids:
i. Definition:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ii. 2 examples:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
d. Bases:
i. Definition:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ii. 2 examples:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
e. Buffer
i. Definition:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ii. What pH do the fluids of most cells in our bodies like to maintain? ___________
f. Reflection of Reading:
i. Points of Confusion:
ii. Summary of Section: