Name:
Class ID #_________
Monday/Tuesday
Wednesday/Thursday
Friday
Monday/Tuesday
Wednesday/Thursday
Friday
Monday/Tuesday
Wednesday/Thursday
Friday
Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Bell Ringer Answer
Daily Goal
HOMEWORK
Name:
Class ID #_________
Chemistry of Life
Framework
Objectives
MC.1.B.1
Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in
living systems:
 carbohydrates
 proteins
 enzymes
 lipids
 nucleic acids
MC.1.B.2
Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s)
MC.1.B.3
Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life:
 surface tension
 adhesion
 cohesion
 polarity
 pH
MC.1.B.4
Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems:
 activation energy
 exergonic reactions
 endergonic reactions
Chemistry of Life Definitions
8.
cohesion –water sticking to water
adhesion- water sticking to other substances
surface tension-a property of water that is caused by adhesion and cohesion
which makes it possible for objects or certain organisms to sit on top of water
capillary action- a property of water that is caused by adhesion and cohesion;
it allows water to flow against gravity in narrow tubes like up a plant
polarity –have + and – poles; water has polarity
solvent – liquid that dissolves in a solution; water in a salt-water solution
solute – what is dissolved in a solution; salt in a salt-water solution
pH- a 0 to 14 scale that shows how much H+ or OH are in a solution
9.
reactant/substrate– chemicals that go into a chemical reaction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Name:
10. product
Class ID #_________
– the chemicals at the end of a chemical reaction
11. activation
energy – energy required to start a reaction
– a protein that causes chemical reactions to need less activation
energy; biological catalyst
12. enzyme
13. exergonic
reaction- reactions that releases energy
14. endergonic
reaction- reactions that absorb energy
15. monomer-a
building block for larger molecule
16. polymer-
large molecules built of smaller monomers
17. carbohydrate-
complex sugar, function is as an energy source for organism
18. monosaccharide-simple
sugar; monomer of carbohydrates
19. lipid
(phospholipid)- include oils, waxes, and fats; function as membranes,
waterproofing and energy storage
20. glycerol
and fatty acid- monomers of lipids
21. nucleic
acid- function to store and transmit genetic information; includes
RNA and DNA
22. nucleotide-
monomer of nucleic acids
23. protein-
building structures, speeding chemical reactions, transporting
molecules through membranes, and fighting diseases
24. amino
acid- monomer of proteins
Name:
Class ID #_________
Organic Compounds
 Compounds that contain ____________
 “Organic” means _______________________________________
 Organic compounds are also called _______________________________
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
Monomer
Important
Chemical
Elements
(C,H,O,P)
Used for
Body
Location
Food
Examples
Name:
Class ID #_________
Structures of Organic Compounds
Study the rules and formulas below. Then, on the first line under each formula, tell
whether the substance is organic (containing carbon) or inorganic (does not contain
carbon). On the second line, indicate whether the substance is a carbohydrate, lipid,
protein, nucleic acid or none of these.
Rules:
 All organic compounds contain carbon. Most inorganic compounds do not
contain carbon. Carbon dioxide is an exception; it is not organic.
 In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1.
 In lipids, the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is much greater than 2:1.
 Amino acids contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)
 Nucleic acids are the only organic compounds which contain phosphorus.
Name:
Class ID #_________
Cohesion
Definition:
Illustration:
Properties of
Water
Name:
Class ID #_________
Properties of Water Reflection Questions:
1. Fill in the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the
molecule to the right.
2. Label the positive and negative ends.
3. What is the property of water called that describes its
positive and negative ends?
4. When water sticks to other water molecules, this is called
____________________.
5. Water sticking to a leaf is an example of ________________________.
6. Spiders are able to rest on top of water due to what phenomena?
Label which of the following properties of water is being shown:
adhesion, cohesion, polarity, surface tension, or capillary action
7. ______________________ Evaporated water condenses to form drops that fall to earth.
8. ______________________ Water sticking to my hands after I wash them.
9. ______________________ One end of the water molecule being positive and the other
negative
10. ______________________ Insects are able to land on top of water.
11. ______________________ Water and nutrients move up a plant stem
12. ______________________ Water soaking into a cloth.
13. ______________________ Water acting as a magnet.
14. ______________________ The cause of belly busters hurting when you jump onto water.
15. ______________________ Water moving upward although gravity is pulling it down.
Solute Definition:
Solute
vs.
WATER IS THE GREATEST
Solvent
Solvent
Definition:
IN THE WORLD!!!
Name:
Class ID #_________
pH
Acids
Bases






Reflection Questions:
List the pH and whether is it an acid or base for each substance below.
Substance
pH
Acid
Strong
or Base or Weak
Substance pH
Lemon Juice
Wine
Distilled Water
Baking Soda
Lye
Ammonia
Battery Acid
Rain
.
Acid
Strong
or Base
or Weak
Name:
Class ID #_________
Chemical Reactions
____________________________
____________________________
Label the graphs endergonic or exergonic.
Definition
Substrates
Products
Endergonic
Reactions
Exergonic
Reactions
1.
2.
3.
4.
Do endergonic reactions store or release energy?
What is an example of an exergonic reaction: photosynthesis or respiration?
If energy is being released, what type of reaction is this?
When two molecules are bonded together, they are storing energy. Breaking the
bond would be what type of reaction?
Definition of Activation Energy: ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Label the activation energy in each of the graphs above.
5. What is the function of enzymes?
Name:
Class ID #_________
6. Illustrate an exergonic reaction in
the graph to the left. (Hint: Don’t
forget the activation energy.)
7. On the same graph, draw
another line showing what the
activation energy would be with
an enzyme.
8. Label which line is with an enzyme and which is without an enzyme.
9. The diagram to the right shows a
substrate being broken into 2
products. What type of reaction is
this?
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
_________
__
_________
__
Enzyme and substrate fit together like a
_____________ and ____________
_________
__
_________
__
Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How do enzymes effect chemical reactions?
If energy is stored in a reaction, what type of reaction is this?
Respiration is what type of reaction?
When two molecules bond together, this is what type of reaction?
Products having more energy that reactants is true in what type of reaction?
Are enzymes good to have or bad? Why?
_
Name:
Class ID #_________
Test Review Questions
Match the properties of water with the correct examples. (adhesion, cohesion,
capillary action, surface tension, pH, solvent, solute, and polarity)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
__________________ water forming a drop as the vapors connect
__________________ water connecting to other substances
__________________ the amount of H+ and OH- in a solution
__________________ sugar in a sugar-water solution
__________________ water is the universal
__________________ allows insects to sit on top of water
__________________ water movement up plant stems
__________________ causes the water to hurt when you do a belly flop
__________________ water moving up a tube
__________________ scale from 0 to 14
__________________ water sticking to a leaf
__________________ water in a sugar-water solution
__________________ gives water its negative and positive poles
__________________ water sticking to water
__________________ substance to be dissolved
__________________ oxygen being slightly negative and hydrogen being
slightly positive
17. In the water drop to the right, label the adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
If a substance has a pH of 3, is it an acid or base?
Fill in the bubble with the correct amount of hydrogen and hydroxide for a pH of 3
Water has a pH of ______.
If you mix an acid and a base, what will happen?
Bases have more hydrogen or hydroxide?
Name:
Class ID #_________
23. Fill in the bubble with the correct amount of hydrogen and hydroxide for a pH of 7
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Which graph above is exergonic?
Label the activation energy in each graph above.
Is energy released or absorbed in Graph B?
Are reactants at the start or end of the reaction?
What is another name for reactants?
Does the activation energy increase or decrease with an enzyme?
Having an enzyme makes the reaction happen faster or slower?
Photosynthesis is an example of what type of reaction?
When a bond is broken, energy is released or absorbed?
When a bond is broken, this is what type of reaction?
34. Fill in the chart below with the correct monomers and polymers
Polymers
Monomers
Protein
Nucleotides
Match the function with each organic compound. (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acids)
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
_________________________ stores energy for long periods of time
_________________________ DNA and RNA
_________________________ stores energy for short periods of time
_________________________ makes up enzymes
_________________________ energy for the cell
_________________________ used to make muscle
_________________________ makes up the cell membrane
_________________________ stores genetic information
_________________________ only compound to contain phosphorous
_________________________ two compounds that contain nitrogen