Anatomy of the Digestive System (p 388-404)
General Histological Plan of the Alimentary Canal: The general anatomical features of the digestive tube are listed
below. Fill in the table to complete the information.
Wall Layer
Subdivision of the layer, if applicable
Major functions
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa or adventitia
Organs of the Alimentary Canal: answer the questions that follow.
1. The tubelike digestive system canal that extends from the mouth to the anus is the __________________ canal.
2. How is the muscularis externa of the stomach modified? _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How does this modification (#2) relate to the function of the stomach? _________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What transition in epithelium type exists at the gastroesophageal junction? _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. How do the epithelia of these two organs (#4) relate to their specific functions? __________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Differentiate between the colon and the large intestine. _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Matching: Match the items in column B with the descriptive statements in column A.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Column A
Column B
Structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall.
Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa; increase surface area for absorption.
Large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine.
Deep folds of mucosa and submucosa; extend the circumference of small intestine.
Regions that break down foodstuffs mechanically (2).
Mobile organ; manipulates food in mouth and initiates swallowing.
Conduit for both air and food.
Three structures continuous with & representing modifications of peritoneum (3).
A. anus
B. appendix
C. circular folds
D. esophagus
E. frenulum
F. greater omentum
G. hard palate
H. haustra
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
“Gullet”; no digestive/absorptive function.
Folds of the gastric mucosa.
Sacculations of the large intestine.
Projections of the plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell.
Valve at the junction of small and large intestines.
Primary region of flood and water absorption.
Membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Absorbs water and forms feces.
Area between the teeth and lips/cheeks.
Wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecum.
Initiates protein digestion.
Structure attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
Organ distal to the stomach.
Valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the duodenum.
Posterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity.
Location of the hepatopancreatic sphincter where pancreatic secretions & bile pass.
Serous lining of the abdominal cavity wall.
Principle site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganisms.
Region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelled from body.
Bone-supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity.
I. ileocecal valve
J. large intestine
K. lesser omentum
L. mesentery
M. microvilli
N. oral cavity
O. parietal peritoneum
P. Peyer’s patches
Q. pharynx
R. pyloric valve
S. rugae
T. small intestine
U. soft palate
V. stomach
W. tongue
X. vestibule
Y. villi
Z. visceral peritoneum
Matching: Use the key to the right to identify each tooth area described below.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Visible portion of the tooth in situ
Material covering the tooth root
Hardest substance in the body
Attaches the tooth to bone and surrounding alveolar structures
Portion of the tooth embedded in bone
Forms the major portion of tooth structure; similar to bone
Produces the dentin
Site of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Entire portion of the tooth covered with enamel
A. anatomical crown
B. cementum
C. clinical crown
D. dentin
E. enamel
F. gingiva
G. odontoblast
H. periodontal ligament
I. pulp
J. root
Questions cont.
44. In the human, the number of deciduous teeth is _____; the number of permanent teeth is ______
45. What teeth are the “wisdom teeth”? _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Matching: various types of glands form a part of the alimentary tube wall or duct their secretions into it. Match the
glands listed in column B with the function/locations described in column A.
46.
47.
48.
49.
Column A
Column B
Produce(s) mucus; found in submucosa of small intestine.
Produce(s) a product containing amylase; begins starch breakdown in mouth.
Produce(s) a whole spectrum of enzymes & an alkaline fluid secreted into duodenum.
Produce(s) bile that is secreted into duodenum via the bile duct.
A. duodenal glands
B. gastric glands
C. intestinal crypts
D. liver
50. Produce(s) HCl and pepsinogen.
51. Found in mucosa of small intestine; produce(s) intestinal juice.
E. pancreas
F. salivary glands
Quesitons cont.
52. What is the role of the gall bladder? ______________________________________________________________
53. Name three structures always found in the portal triad regions of the liver. _____________________________,
________________________________________ and __________________________________________.
54. Where would you expect to find the Kupffer cells of the liver? _________________________________________
55. What is the function of the Kupffer cells? __________________________________________________________
56. Why is the liver so dark red in the living animal? ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
57. The pancreas has two major populations of secretory cells- those in the islets and the acinar cells. Which
population serves the digestive process? __________________________________________________________