Exercise 11: The Integumentary System
(Identifying the following structures on available models, histology slides or diagrams is required,
Skin or Integument
1. List the various functions of the integumentary system
2. Describe the basic structure and function of skin
a. Superficial epidermis
b. Underlying dermis
3. Describe the hypodermis structure and function (superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer)
a. What tissue types is it made up of?
b. Is it part of the skin?
Layers of the Skin and Superficial Fascia
1. Define the 4 distinct cell types found in the epidermis
a. Keratinocytes
b. Melanocytes
c. Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
2. Identify the 4-5 distinct layers of the epidermis and name their characteristic features (note that the
stratum lucidum is found only in thick skin and that the tissue type of the epidermis is keratinized
stratified squamous epithelium)
a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum spinosumm
c. Stratum granulosum
d. Stratum lucidum
e. Stratum corneum
3. Identify the 2 main layers of the dermis, and the types of tissue and structures found there;
a. Papillary layer: has dermal papillae. Loose areolar connective tissue. Well vascularized.
b. Reticular layer: has sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicle, etc. Dense irregular
connective tissue. Well vascularized.
4. Identify the hypodermis and its alternative names (i.e. superficial fascia, subcutaneous layer)
Accessory Structures
1. Identify the location, mode of secretion (merocrine, apocrine or holocrine) and name the function
of these glands
a. Sebaceous gland and duct
b. Eccrine sweat gland and duct
c. Apocrine sweat gland and duct
Identify the following parts and structures associated with hair
a. Hair follicle
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b. Hair shaft and root
c. Hair papilla
d. arrector pili muscle
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Identify the following parts of a nail
a. Root of nail
b. Eponychium
c. Hyponychium
d. Body of nail
e. Nail bed
Complete the Review & Practice Sheet for
Exercise 11
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