Ancient Egypt
Dynasties
&
Pharaohs
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The whole civilization of Ancient Egypt lasted
from about 3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just
over 2500 years. If you include the time during
which the Egyptians were under the control of the
Persians, Greeks, and Romans but were still
basically following their own culture, then it is
over 3000 years. During that time, there were at
least 20 different dynasties with many different
rulers. Historians divide the long history into
different periods.
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Periods of Ancient Egyptian History
Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.)
Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)
Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.)
New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)
Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)
Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
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Old Kingdom
Lower Egypt crown
Upper Egypt crown
Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were once
separate kingdoms and the kings or
pharaohs wore two different crowns.
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King Menes / Pharoah Narma
• United Upper and Lower Egypt into ONE
kingdom
• Established the first capital of Egypt in
Memphis.
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Sobek - the Crocodile God
Worshiped at the first capital of Egypt, named
Memphis or sometimes called Crocodilopolis
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Pharaoh Djoser
• Pharaoh Djoser had his architect, Imhotep build a
great burial tomb which started out as a mastaba,
or tomb, but became the Step Pyramid.
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Pharaoh Djoser
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Imhotep - Pyramid Designer / Engineer
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Mastabas
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Step Pyramid of Djoser
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Step Pyramid of Djoser
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Pharaoh Sneferu
Developed the building of
Egyptian pyramids through
practice.
• Built the pyramid at
Meidum
• Built the Bent Pyramid
• Built the Red Pyramid
where he was buried.
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Sneferu’s Pyramid at Meidum
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Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid
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Sneferu’s Red Pyramid
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Pharaoh Khufu / Cheops
• Son of Pharaoh Sneferu
• Built the Great Pyramid on the Plateau of
Giza.
• Largest of the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt
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Khufu’s Pyramid - The Great Pyramid
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Look at the size of the pyramid blocks...
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Khufu’s “Solar” Boat
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Pharaoh Khafre / Chephren
• Son of Khufu
• Built 2nd largest pyramid on Giza Plateau
• Built many statues including the Sphinx
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Khafre’s Pyramid
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Khafre’s Pyramid
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Khafre’s Sphinx
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Khafre’s Sphinx
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Khafre’s Sphinx
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Pharaoh Menkaure
• Son of Khafre
• Built smallest pyramid on Plateau of Giza
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Menkaure’s Pyramid
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Menkaure’s Pyramid
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Periods of Ancient Egyptian History
Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.)
Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)
Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.)
New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)
Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)
Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
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Queen / Pharaoh Hatshepsut
• Wife of Thutmose II
• When Thutmose II died, his son Thutmose III was too
young to rule, so Hatshepsut took the throne.
• Hatshepsut transformed herself from a queen to a
Pharaoh.
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Queen Hatshepsut’s Mummy
Queen Hatshepsut’s mummy was found buried in her
temple in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
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Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple
Queen Hatshepsut had this temple built as a tomb for
both her and her husband Thutmose II. It is located in an
area called the Valley of the Kings where many other
pharaohs are also buried.
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Queen Nefertiti
• Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten
• Considered the “ideal” beauty in Egyptian
society.
• May have been even more famous than her
husband, the pharaoh.
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Queen Nefertiti
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Tutankhamen / King Tut
• Known as the “boy king” because ruled and died at
such a young age (maybe 18 or 19 years old).
• His tomb was untouched when found by Egyptologists
in 1922.
• Famous for the amazing treasures found in his tomb.
• “The Curse of King Tut”
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Curse of King Tut
• Video
King Tut Burial Mask
Found in King Tut’s
Tomb with his mummy
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The Valley of the Kings
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King Tut’s Sarcophagus
A collection of the items found in King Tut’s tomb
can be seen in a museum in Cairo, Egypt. 43
King Tut’s Sarcophagus
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King Tut’s Mummy
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King Tut’s Mummy
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King Tut’s face recreated by a computer
from his mummy
This is what Egyptologists
think King Tut may have
looked like, based on a
computer reconstruction
made from his mummy
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Pharaoh Ramses II
• A strong military leader.
• Participated in the first written treaty with the
Hittites.
• Had many wives and more than 100 children.
• Ruled over Egypt for 67 years… Pharaoh for
longest period.
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Pharaoh Ramses II Temple/Tomb
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Pharaoh Ramses II Statues
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Pharaoh Ramses II mummy
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Periods of Ancient Egyptian History
Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.)
Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)
Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.)
New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)
Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)
Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
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Cleopatra
• Seen as the last true Egyptian Queen before
Egypt was taken over by foreign invaders.
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Periods of Ancient Egyptian History
Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.)
Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)
Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.)
New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)
Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)
Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
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