1. Bacteria engineered to do a better job of
decomposing oil are important to the field of
___________.
A. Agronomy
Bioremediation
C. Oncology
D. None of the above.
B.
B. Bioremediation
Bioremediation is the use of either
naturally occurring or deliberately
introduced microorganisms or other
forms of life to consume and break
down environmental pollutants, in
order to clean up a polluted site.
2. The restriction fragment length polymorphisms
can be separated from one another by
_____________.
Autoradiography
B. PCR
C. Gel Electrophoresis
D. Vectors
A.
C. Gel Electrophoresis
This process uses an anode and
cathode to separate fragments
based on size and electrical
charge.
3.
1998
By using the techniques of genetic engineering,
scientists are able to modify genetic material so
that a particular gene of interest from one cell
can be incorporated into a different cell.
a. Describe a procedure by which this can be
done.

a. Describe a procedure by which this can be done.
First, the gene of interest must be isolated and cut using restriction
enzymes. Using polymerase chain reaction, copy the gene until there is
enough. Then, using a bacterial plasmid as the vector, cut out
the unnecessary parts using the same restriction enzymes. To be useful,
plasmids must minimally have an origin of replication, a region containing
many restriction sites, and genes that enable screening of cells that have
successfully taken up the plasmid; this gene is usually an antibiotic resistant
gene. A marker gene must also be inserted. When the modified plasmids
are finished, they are placed in an antibiotic solution. The bacteria that die
did not successfully incorporate the gene. The remaining bacteria that are
alive have the gene of interest in them. The last step is to insert the bacteria
into the plant using organogenesis or animal of choice using
embryogenesis. The plants or animals that show the marker gene are the
ones that have successfully incorporated the genes.
TAMERA MASON
VICTORIA LUNA
RYAN PINON
The use of biological processes, organisms, or systems
to manufacture products intended to improve the
quality of human life. It can be broken down into 4 sub
disciplines characterized by color:
1.
Medical Processes (Red)
2.
Industrial Processes (White/Gray)
3.
Agriculture (Green)
4.
Marine and Aquatic Environments (Blue)
The application of computer technology to the
management of biological information. For example, using
computers to gather, store, analyze, and integrate genetic
information so that it could be used for gene-based drug
discoveries and developments.
Human Genome Project
The goal of this project was to determine the sequence of the
entire human genome (about 3 billion base pairs) and identify
and map all of the genes from both a physical and functional
standpoint. It was accomplished by 2002.
The biopharmaceutical field produces
biologic medical products that are
extracted from biological sources.
Vaccines
Substances used to stimulate the
production of antibodies and provide
immunity against diseases. They are
prepared from the causative agent of a
disease, its products, or a synthetic
substitute. Vaccines act as antigens
without inducing the disease.
Biorobotics is the use of biological
characteristics in living organisms as
the knowledge base for developing
new robot designs and the use of
biological specimens as functional
robot components. Biorobotics
intersects the fields of cybernetics,
bionics, biology, physiology, and
genetic engineering.
In the 1970s, leading
Japanese robotics
engineer and researcher,
Ichiro Kato, worked with
robot substitutes for
human body parts to
construct a full-sized
android called WABOT-1.
Agricultural engineering applies technology
to agricultural production and processing. Agricultural
engineering combines the disciplines of mechanical, civil,
electrical and chemical engineering principles with a
knowledge of agricultural principles.
What are some examples you can think of for agricultural
engineering?
Bioprocessing Engineering involves using organisms, tissues,
cells, or their molecular components to act on living things and
to intervene in the workings of cells or the molecular
components of cells, including their genetic material (NRC,
2001).
High-Fructose Corn Syrup and Bioethanol
In 1957, scientists at USDA reported the discovery of an enzyme that could transform glucose to
fructose. In 1965, a version of this glucose isomerase enzyme that did not require arsenate was
discovered in a species of Streptomyces. Once it was possible to grow this organism using cornsteep liquor to produce a thermally stable enzyme in a cost-effective way, sugars from corn with
sweetness similar to sugar from sugar cane became feasible.
Bioprocess engineers invented systems of fixed beds of the glucose isomerase enzyme and
demonstrated the utility of biocatalysts for the large-scale industrial production of biochemicals.
They also adapted industrial-scale liquid-chromatography separations used in the petrochemical
industry to enrich the fructose content in corn syrup from 42 percent to 55 high fructose corn
syrup (HFCS). A “taste challenge” sponsored by a soft-drink company showed that consumers
preferred soft drinks made with 55-percent HFCS.

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0035456775/student_view0/
chapter14/post-test.html

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/biotechnology

http://www.bioplanet.com/what-is-bioinformatics/

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/biorobotics

https://www.nae.edu/Publications/Bridge/BiotechnologyRevolution
/TheRoleofBioprocessEngineeringinBiotechnology.aspx