The Periodic Table and Ionic
Bonding:
Part 2-Periodic Table Terms
1
Objectives
• -Locate periods (series) and groups
(families) on a periodic table
• -Relate period number of an element
to the energy level of its valence
electron location
• -Name the group number families
found in the periodic table and
relate the group number to the
element’s valence electron number
2
Important Features of the
Periodic Table
• Period (series)- each horizontal row of
elements on the periodic table
3
Period (Series) Properties
• Every element belongs to one of 7 periods
• Atomic number and mass increase across
a period
• Period number = quantum number “n” =
highest energy level of atoms where
valence electrons are found
– Carbon: 1s22s22p2
–
131
40Zr
2nd period
[Kr] 5s24d2 5th period
4
Important Features of the
Periodic Table
•Group (family)- column of elements on the
periodic table
5
Group (Family) Properties
• 8 main groups
• Not all elements belong to a MAIN group
• Atomic numbers and masses increase as
from the top down in a group (family)
6
Group (Family) Properties
• Elements in a group have similar
properties and electron configurations
• In an electron configuration, the NUMBER
of valence electrons in the highest level is
that element’s group
108
• Ex
23d104p3
As
[Ar]
4s
33
Group V- Nitrogen Family
7
Group #’s and Family Names
GROUP
FAMILY NAME
EXAMPLE
I
Alkali Metals
Na
II
Alkaline Earth Metals
Ca
III
Aluminum Family
Al
IV
Carbon Family
C
V
Nitrogen Family
N
VI
Chalcogen Family
O
VII
Halogen Family
F
VIII Noble or Inert Gas Family
Ne
Group (Family) Names
VIIIV-VILabel
your
periodic
table
IVI-Alkali
III- NitrogenVII-Noble
II-Alkaline Transition
Metals
Earth Metals Metals
not a group
Chalcogen
CarbonGroup
Halogens
Gases
Aluminum
Group
Group
Group
9
Transition Metals
•
•
•
•
Do not belong to a group and all are metals
“d” is last in electron configuration
Ex: 23V [Ar] 4s23d3
Similar to Group II elements but some
different properties because of the “d”
electrons
• Two dots in their dot structure
Rare Earth (Inner
Transition) Metals
• Do not belong to a group and all are metals
• “f” is last in electron configuration
Example:
[Rn] 7s25f4
92U
• Similar to Group II elements but also some
different properties because of the “f”
electrons
•Two dots in their dot structure
Summary
• 1. All elements are in a period (series)
• 2. An element…
– can be in a main group
OR
– can be a transition element
OR
– can be a rare earth element
• It may NOT belong to more than 1 of these
3 categories
Objectives
• -Locate periods (series) and groups
(families) on a periodic table
• -Relate period number of an element
to the energy level of its valence
electron location
• -Name the group number families
found in the periodic table and
relate the group number to the
element’s valence electron number 13