Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
Reading Assignment:
TMB2: Section 2.4.
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
1
A View of the Human Brain
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
2
A View of the Monkey Brain
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
3
Dorsal 
Spinal Cord
 Ventral
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
4
Flexor and Extensor Muscles
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
5
How Motoneuron Firing Shortens Muscles
Henneman’s Size Principle:
See HBTNN: Motoneuron recruitment
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
6
Eye and retina
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
7
Retinotopy
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
8
Mammalian and Frog Visual Systems
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
9
Mammalian Auditory System
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
10
Broca’s and Wernicke’s Aphasias
Paul Broca (1865): Broca's aphasia is characterized by nonfluent speech, few
words, short sentences, and many pauses. The words that the patient can produce
come with great effort and often sound distorted. The melodic intonation is flat
and monopitched. This gives the speech the general appearance of a telegraphic
nature, because of the deletion of functor words and disturbances in word order.
However, aural comprehension for conversational speech is relatively intact. There
is often an accompanying right hemiparesis involving the face, arm, and leg.
Carl Wernicke (1874): Wernicke’s aphasia is known as a fluent aphasia because the
patient does not appear to have any difficulty articulating speech, but may be
paraphasic. However, comprehension of speech is impaired and sometimes even
single words are not comprehended. The patient may even speak in a meaningless
“neoligistic” jargon, devoid of any content but with free use of verb tenses,
clauses, and subordinates.
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
11
Dorsal  Language Cortex  Ventral
Warning: Localization of Aphasias is HIGHLY Variable
Wernicke’s original drawing
(wrong hemisphere!)
a = Wernicke
b = Broca
MRI-scans from
Keith A. Johnson, M.D. and J.
Alex Becker
The Whole Brain Atlas
http://www.med.harvard.edu./
AANLIB/home.html
Slice viewed from below:
So “right” is left
Broca’s Area (Negative Image)
Wernicke’s Area
Reading, No - Writing, Yes!
Alexia without Agraphia
Dejerine, 1892
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
13
Varieties of Vertebrate Brains
Snake
Catfish
Frog
Alligator
Primitive Mammal
Goose
Horse
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
14
The “Bauplan” for the Mammalian Brain
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
15
From Basic Vertebrate to Primate Brain
Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1
16