The Circulatory System
Natalie Janowiak, Anthony Storck,
Emma Schwartz, Matt Gutt, Matt
Gerber
Open Circulatory System
• Blood directly bathes internal organs
• Hemolymph- body fluid, same as
blood and interstitial fluid
• Heart pumps hemolymph through
vessels into sinuses, where materials
are exchanged with cells, and then
returned to the heart
Ex) insects, arthropods, mollusks
such as crayfish and grasshoppers
Closed Circulatory System
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Contains blood within vessels
Heart(s),blood vessels, blood
Heart pumps blood
Blood travels through vessels and into
organs
• Blood and interstitial fluids exchange
materials
Closed vs Open System
QuickTime™ and a
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QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Parts of the System
• Heart: a muscular pump to move the
blood
• Blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and
veins that deliver blood to all tissues
• Blood: a connective tissue.
Blood
• Blood supplies oxygen, glucose, amino acids, and
fatty acids to the tissues
• It removes urea, carbon dioxide and lactic acid,
• The blood coagulates which helps to stop bleedings
• The blood transports hormones and signals tissue
damage
• It regulates body temperature and body ph
 lood is made of red and white blood cells,
platelets, and plasma
 lood is made by bone marrow
Blood continued
• Vertebrates all have closed circulatory systems
• Mollusks and arthropods have an open circulatory system with
hemolymph
• Hemolymph is a combination of blood and interstitial fluid,
composed of water, inorganic salts, and organic compounds.
• In closed circulatory systems, hemolymph is separate from
blood
• Some animals such as flat worms have no circulatory system,
but they have an extensive digestive system
Blood Vessels (Arteries)
• Arteries are blood vessels that carry
blood away from heart.
• Arterial walls are able to expand and
contract.
• Arteries have three layers of thick walls.
• Arteries branch off into arterioles.
Blood Vessels (Capillaries/
Veins)
• Capillaries- branch off from arterioles
• Microscopic vessels with thin, porous
walls
• Chemicals exchange between blood
and interstitial fluid here
• Capillaries converge into venules which
lead into veins
• Veins return blood to the heart
Four Chambered Heart
• completely separates
oxygen-rich and
oxygen-depleted blood.
• 2 Atria/2 Ventricles
• Different blood not
mixed
• Ex) Humans, birds,
mammals
Three Chambered Hearts
• Ex) Frog
• 2 Atria / 1 Ventricle
• Amphibian heart
rate depends upon
the outside
temperature
Two Chambered Heart
• Ex) Perch
• 1 Atrium/1 Ventricle
• Rudimentary valve
located between the
chambers
Aortic Arches
• Ex) Earthworm
• Simple structure, not
a true heart
• Five arches
Cardiovascular Diseases
• Leading cause of death in the U.S.
• Ex) heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis,
arteriosclerosis, hypertension (high
blood pressure),
References
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http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=17&cat=1848&articleid=2
951
http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html
http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html