Great Plains
Manifest Destiny
Laissez-Faire
Free Enterprise System
Deficit
Monopoly
Tenement
Political Machine
Civil Service
Sweatshop
Immigrant
White Man’s Burden
Isolationism
Imperialism
Dollar Diplomacy
Foreign Policy
Yellow Journalism
Muckraker
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Conservation
Draft
Fourteen Points
League of Nations
Ratify
Inflation
Overproduction
Under consumption
Recession
Speculation
Buying on Margin
Deflation
Neutrality
Appeasement
Fascism
Genocide
Rationing
Totalitarianism
House Un-American
Activities Committee
United Nations
Iron Curtain
Containment
38th Parallel
Communism
Red Scare
Blacklist
Brinkmanship
Peace Corp
Domino Theory
Hawk
Dove
Vietcong
Counterculture
NASA
Medicare
Segregation
Integration
Civil Disobedience
Reverse Discrimination
Affirmative Action
Realpolitik
Religious Right
Reagonomics
Sunbelt
Supply Side Economics
1869
First Transcontinental Railroad
1892
Ellis Island
American Federation of Labor
Great Plains
Wounded Knee
Niagara Movement
Panama Canal
USS Maine
Great Migration
Scopes Monkey Trial
Harlem Renaissance
Prohibition
Dust Bowl
New Deal Programs
Black Cabinet
Pearl Harbor
Island-Hopping
D-Day
Operation Overlord
Holocaust
Manhattan Project
Little Boy and Fat Boy
Election of 1848
Cold War
Berlin Airlift
U-2 Incident
Bay of Pigs
McCarthyism
Dien Bien Phu
1961
Berlin Wall
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
1963
March on Washington
Great Society
Tet Offensive
Pentagon Papers
Vietnamization
Kent State
National Organization for Women
1979
Iran Hostage Situation
1991
Desert Storm
Rutherford B. Hayes
(1877-81)
Compromise of 1877
Ended Reconstruction
James A. Garfield
(1881)
Assassinated
Chester A. Arthur
(1881-1885)
Established Time Zones
Civil Service Act
Grover Cleveland
(1885-1889)
Dawes Act
Benjamin Harrison
(1889-93)
Sherman Antitrust Act
Grover Cleveland
(1893-1897)
Plessy v. Ferguson
William McKinley
(1897-1901)
Spanish American War
Assassinated
Theodore Roosevelt
(1901-1909)
Panama Canal
Gunboat/”Big Stick” Diplomacy
William H. Taft
(1909-1913)
Dollar Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson
(1913-1921)
Moral Diplomacy
World War I
Fourteen Points
Warren G. Harding
(1921-1923)
Washington Conference
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
Calvin Coolidge
(1923-1929)
High Tariffs
Laissez-faire
Herbert Hoover
(1929-1933)
Stock Market Crash
Blamed for Great Depression
Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1933-1945)
New Deal, Fireside Chats
WWII, Packed Supreme Court
Ended Great Depression
Harry S. Truman
(1945-1953)
End of World War II
Dropping of First Atomic Bomb
Dwight D. Eisenhower
(1953-1960)
Korean War, Space Age
Interstate Highway Act
Bus Boycott, Central High
John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
(1960-1963)
(1963-1969)
New Frontier, Bay of Pigs
Escalated Vietnam War
Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis Great Society, Civil Rights Acts
Assassinated
Voting Rights Acts
Richard Nixon
(1969-1974)
Ended Vietnam War, SALT I
Opened Communist China
Watergate Scandal, Resigned
Gerald Ford
(1974-1977)
Pardoned Nixon, Stagflation
Bicentennial Celebration
Jimmy Carter
(1977-1981)
Camp David Accords
Iran Hostage Crisis
Ronald Reagan
(1981-1989)
Iran Contra Affair, Conservatism
Deregulation, Supply-Side
George Bush
(1989-1992)
Gulf War (Desert Storm)
William Clinton
(1992-2000)
Balanced Budget
Crisis Management
Impeached
George W. Bush
(2001- )
September 11, 2001
Terrorism
1872
Credit Mobilier
1924
Teapot Dome Scandal
1972-74
Watergate
1986
Iran-Contra Affair
1862
Homestead Act
Explosion of settlement
1887
1883
Interstate Commerce Act
Civil Service Reform Act
Reasonable and Just Rates Established Examinations
for Railroad
for Service
1887
Dawes Act
Broke up Native American
Reservations
1890
Sherman Antitrust Act
Attempted to breakup
monopolies
1914
1906
Clayton Antitrust Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Spelled out in clear terms what
st
1 steps toward banning badly
corporations could and could not
prepared foods and drugs
do; Strengthened previous law
1916
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
Prevented goods produced by
children from crossing state
lines
1917
Selective Service Act
Required men between 21 and
30 to sign up for military service
1916
National Parks Service Act
Created parks and park
management
WWI
Sedition Act
Prohibited speech disloyal to the
government, flag, Constitution, or
armed forces
WWI
1921
Espionage Act
Johnson-Reed Act
Punished anyone found guilty of Tightened immigration especially
helping the enemy
from NW Europe
1934
Indian Re-organization Act
Halted Reservations; Returned
government to tribes
1933
Glass-Steagall Banking Act
Created Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation
1935
1935
Social Security Act
National Labor Relations Act
Protected old age pensions, Wagner Act – reaffirmed the right
unemployed, disabled workers
of labor to organize
1944
1941
GI Bill of Rights
Lend-lease Act
Bought books, paid tuition, and
Allowed President to lend, sell or
provided living expenses for
lease war materials
veterans
1947
Taft Hartley Act
Outlawed closed shops, allow
union shops, weakened power
of labor unions
1964
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Illegal for employers to deny a
job on the basis of race, sex or
religion
1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Outlawed literacy tests and other
discriminatory election devices
1968
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Prohibited discrimination in
housing
1970
Environmental Protection
Agency
Enforced laws on water & air
pollution, toxic wastes,
pesticides and radiation
1972
Equal Rights Amendment
Aimed to strengthen women as
wage earners and property
owners (failed by 3 votes)
1973
War Powers Act
Requires President to inform
Congress within 2 days of any
use of American troops
1978
National Energy Act
Relaxation of controls of price of
natural gas; benefited people
saving energy
1985
Gramm Rudman Holliings Act
Provided for automatic
reductions in the deficit over a
several year period
1877
Reconstruction Ends
Compromise of 1877
1890
Indian Wars End
Battle of Wounded Knee
1898
Spanish American War
USS Maine
Declared war on Spain
1919
1914-1918
Versailles Treaty
World War I
Ended WWI, broke up large
Allied Powers v. Central Powers
empires; charged Germany war
Allied Power Won
reparations
1900-1918
Progressive Era
Strived to reform society, politics, and
the economy; concentrated in urban
industrial areas
1919-1920
Red Scare
Fear that the rise of the Bolsheviks in
the Soviet Union threatened the U. S.;
immigrants deported
1919-1933
Prohibition
Outlawed alcoholic beverages at the
national level, crime increased
1929-1939
The Great Depression
Stock Market Crash of 1929
Over-production, buying on margin and
high tariffs
1939-1945
World War II
Allied Powers v. Axis Powers
Deadliest war in history
1941
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Surprise attack by Japanese;
caused U.S. to enter WWII
1951-1953
Korean War
Police Action
Communist N. Korea vs. S.
Korea; Macarthur led forces
1957
Sputnik
First space satellite, Soviet;
Started the space race
1964
Civil Right Act
First significant legislation
guarding civil rights since
Reconstruction ended
1969
Man on the Moon
American astronauts landed on
the moon
1947-1989
1973
Cold War
End of War in Vietnam
War of diplomacy between US
Longest military engagement
and USSR; ended with breakup
and first defeat of United States
of Soviet Union
1989-1990
Collapse of Communism in Europe
Berlin Wall comes down and
Communist satellite nations pull away
from USSR
September 11, 2001
Terrorist Acts against the United
States by Al Qaeda; led by
Osama Bin Ladin
2000 civilians die
13th Amendment
Abolished Slavery
14th Amendment
Civil Rights Guaranteed
Due Process
15th Amendment
Voting Rights shall not be
denied on the basis of race,
color, or previous condition of
servitude
16th Amendment
Established Income Tax
17th Amendment
Direct Election of Senators
18th Amendment
Prohibition of Alcohol
Volstead Act
Amendment
Gave Women the Right to Vote
20th Amendment
Terms of office and Presidential
Succession
21st Amendment
Repeal of Prohibition
22nd Amendment
Limits Presidential Terms
19th
23rd Amendment
Voting in District of Columbia
24th Amendment
Poll Tax Illegal
25th Amendment
Filling Vacancies in the
Presidency
26th Amendment
Voting Age Lowered to 18
27th Amendment
Congressional Pay
1896
Plessy v. Ferguson
Segregation allowed if equal
facilities provided
1954
Brown v. Board of Education
Declared racial segregation in
public education was
unconstitutional
1908
Miller v. Oregon
Limited the employment of
women in hazardous industries
1964
1962
Reynolds v. Sims
Baker V. Carr
All state and local legislative
Upheld principle of “one person,
bodies had to be apportioned as
one vote”
“one man, one vote”
1964
1963
Escobedo v. Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
Required states courts to provide a An accused person has a right to
lawyer in criminal cases to anyone who
have a lawyer present when
cannot afford one
being questioned by police
1966
Miranda v. Arizona
Police must inform suspects of
their legal rights at the time of
arrest
1978
Regents of the University of
California v. Bakke
Reverse discrimination would be
decided on case-by-case basis
“The advance of the frontier has
meant…a steady growth of
“The growth of a large business
independence on American
is merely a survival of the fittest.”
lives.”
John D. Rockefeller
Frederick Jackson Turner
“You furnish the pictures and I’ll
furnish the war.”
William Randolph Hearst
“Speak softly and carry a big
stick.”
Theodore Roosevelt
“I am going to make dirt fly.”
Theodore Roosevelt about the
Panama Canal
“You shall not press down upon
the brow of labor this crown of
thorns, you shall not crucify
mankind upon a cross of gold.”
William Jennings Bryan
“Expose all fraud and sham, fight “The world must be made safe
all public evils and abuses.”
for democracy.”
Joseph Pulitzer
Woodrow Wilson
“The business of America is
business.”
Calvin Coolidge
“A chicken in every pot and two
cars in every garage.” Herbert
Hoover (election of 1928)
“The only thing we have to fear
is fear itself.”
Franklin Roosevelt
(inauguration 1933)
“I pledge to you, I pledge myself,
to a new deal for the American
people.”
Franklin Roosevelt
(campaign speech, 1932)
“Never was so much owed by so “Yesterday, December 7, 1941 –
is a date which will live in
many to so few.”
infamy.”
Winston Churchill
Franklin Roosevelt (Pearl
(Battle of Britain)
Harbor)
The U.S. should support “free
peoples who are resisting
attempted subjugation by armed
minorities or outside pressures.”
Harry S. Truman
“The buck stops here.”
Harry S. Truman
“You have a row of dominoes set
“Are you now, or have you ever
up, you know over the first one,
been a member of the
and…the last one…will go over
Communist Party?”
very quickly.”
HUAC, Joseph McCarthy
Dwight D. Eisenhower
“Have you no sense of decency,
sir, at long last?”
Attorney Joseph to Joseph
McCarthy
“We will bury you.”
Nikita Khrushchev
“Ich ben ein berliner.”
John F. Kennedy
“From Stalingrad in the Baltic to
Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron
curtain has descended across
the continent.”
Winston Churchill
“In war there is no substitute for
victory.”
Douglas Macarthur
“That’s one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind.”
Neil Armstrong
Stepping on the Moon
“We will pursue nations that provide aid
“One of the greatest glories of
or safe haven to terrorism. Every
democracy is the right to protest
nation in every region now has a
decision to make. Either you are with
for right.”
us, or you are with the terrorists.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
George W. Bush
“I say segregation now,
segregation tomorrow,
segregation forever.”
George Wallace (1963)
“I have a dream today”….that
people will “not be judge by the
color of their skin buy by the
content of their character.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
“I am convinced that the truest
“What we’re going to start saying act of courage…is to sacrifice
now is black power.”
ourselves for other in a totally
nonviolent struggle for justice.”
Stokely Carmichael (1966)
Cesar Chavez
“The Great Society demands an
“The was “light at the end of the
end to poverty and racial
tunnel.”
injustice.”
General Westmoreland
Lyndon B. Johnson
“Peace with honor.”
Richard M. Nixon
“Peace is at hand.”
Henry Kissinger (1972)
“What is good for our country is
good for General Motors and
vice versa.”
Charles E. Wilson
“I am not a crook.”
Richard M. Nixon
“I’m a Ford, not a Lincoln.”
Gerald R. Ford
“I thought it was a neat idea.”
Oliver North
(Iran Contra Affair)
“Are you better off now than you
were four years ago?”
Ronald Reagan
1898
Treaty of Paris
Ended Spanish American War
Gave U.S. an empire
1902
Platt Amendment
U.S. right to intervene in Cuban
Affairs and leave Guantanamo
1904
Roosevelt Corollary
Extension of the Monroe Doctrine
Right to protect Western Hemisphere
1903
Panama Canal Treaty
U.S. agreed to pay Panama for
10 miles strip of land for canal
1978
Panama Canal Treaty
Gradual turnover of Panama Canal to
Panama; canal must stay neutral and
open to all nations
1947
1947
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
Aid program to help European nations
U.S. will defend free people from recover from World War II and stop
being taken over by communists
Communist expansion
1948
1955
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Warsaw Pact
Mutual defense treaty between nations
Mutual defense alliance between
of western and northern Europe,
USSR and communist nations of
Canada, Iceland, and the U.S. to
defend Europe from USSR
Eastern Europe
1963
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
U.S. and USSR
Barred nuclear testing in the
atmosphere
1964
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Authorize LBJ to increase
American military involvement in
Vietnam
1969
1978
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Camp David Accords
(SALT)
Peace agreement between Egypt
U.S. and USSR agreed to limit and Israel negotiated with help of
production of nuclear weapons
President Carter
1993
Andrew Carnegie
North American Free Trade Agreement
Lowered tariffs and brought Mexico into Revolutionized and monopolized
the free trade zone with U.S. and
steel industry in late 19th century
Canada
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Company
Industrialist who monopolized
the oil industry in the U.S.
Thomas Nast
Famous political cartoonist
responsible for arrest of Boss
Tweed of Tammany Hall in late
1800’s
Samuel Gompers
First President of the American
Federation of Labor
Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders
Founded Bull Moose Party
Susan B. Anthony
Founded of the National
Women’s Suffrage Association
Worked for voting rights for
women
Eugene V. Debs
Labor Leader
Socialist Party presidential
candidate five times
Robert LaFollette
Henry Ford
Led the Progressive Party
Made mass production of cars
Favored breakup of monopolies, possible through the use of the
assembly line
farm relief
W.E.B. DuBois
Alfred T. Mahan
American American civil rights
leader, writer and scholar; one of Influenced build up of U.S. Navy
the founders of NAACP
Upton Sinclair
John Pershing
Muckraker
Led the Tenth Negro Cavalry in
Author of The Jungle; influenced the Spanish American war and
passage of Pure Food and Drug American Expeditionary Forces
in World War I
Act
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to throne in AustriaHungary
Assassination triggered
World War I
Henry Cabot Lodge
Wanted trade expansion during
imperialism period
Opposed League of Nations
Clarence Darrow
Famous criminal lawyer who
defended John Scopes for the
teaching of evolution
Williams Jennings Bryan
Politician who supported the
ordinary person; opposed
teaching of evolution in Scopes
trial
Sacco and Vanzetti
Charles Lindbergh
Two Italian immigrants tried and
convicted for murder because Pilot who made the first non-stop
they were immigrants and
solo flight between NYC and
anarchists (less on evidence)
Paris
John Steinbeck
American Author of
The Grapes of Wrath
Story about The Great
Depression and the Dust Bowl
Benito Mussolini
Founded fascism
Dictator of Italy and leader of
Axis powers in World War Ii
Adolf Hitler
Nazi dictator of Germany who
ordered the mass murder of
millions of Jews
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of Soviet
Union who ruled by terror
U.S. ally in World War II
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain
during World War II
One of “Big Three”
Chester Nimitz
Texan, Admiral in World War II
Developed Island-hopping
strategy that helped win war in
the Pacific
Douglas Macarthur
Dwight Eisenhower
Led attack to regain the
Overall commander of Allied
Philippines and led occupation
Forces in Europe during World
force in Japan; led U.S. forces in
War II; Directed D-Day Invasion
Korean War
George Patton
Controversial Tank General
Led forces in North Africa and
assisted with Battle of the Bulge
George Marshall
Created plan to rebuild Europe
after World War II
Omar Bradley
Jonas Salk
Commanded U.S. forces in
World War II in the D-Day
Developed vaccines for influenza
invasion; First Chairman of the
and polio in 1950’s
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Fidel Castro
Leader of Communist Cuba
Opposed JFK in Bay of Pigs and
Cuban Missile Crisis
Georgia O’Keefe
American Expressionist
Paintings of flowers and
Southwest desert
Joseph McCarthy
Senator from 1946-1957
Accused many of being
Communist with no proof; ruined
careers and reputations
George Wallace
Segregationist Governor of
Alabama
Third party candidate for
President in 1968
Rosa Parks
African-American woman who refused
to give up her seat on a bus; led to the
Montgomery bus boycott and
beginning of Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Prominent civil rights leader
Preached nonviolent civil
disobedience
“I have a dream.”
Malcolm X
Stokley Carmichael
African-American spokesman of African-American who coined the
Black Muslims
term “Black Power”
Wanted Black separatism
Advocated violence to achieve
rights
Assassinated
Cesar Chavez
Mexican-American Labor Leader
Founded the United Farm
Workers
Used boycotts frequently
Neil Armstrong
First man to walk on the moon
Shirley Chisholm
First African-American woman
elected to Congress and first to
run for President
Thurgood Marshall
First African-American Supreme
Court Justice
H. Ross Perot
Texas
Third Party candidate for
President
Opposed NAFTA
Sandra Day O’Conner
First Woman Supreme Court
Justice in 1981