Spanish Empire in the Americas
The Crossing
• Bering Sea
– Hunter Gathers from Asia
– 12,000 to 25,00,000 years ago
– Southern Migration
– Agricultural Revolution
– Lack of disease
• Population
• Climate
Early Civilizations
• Extensive trade, and complex
religions and societies
• 75-200 mil population in 1491
• 2,000 languages
• Mesoamerica
– Mayas
– Aztecs
• Tenochtitlan
– Incas
• Machu Picchu
• North America
– Hopi
– Mississippian
• Serpent Mound
• Cahokia
– Pueblo
• Mesa Verde
• Pueblo Bonito
Americas First Cities
Columbus - Facts
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Trade with Asia – Silk Road
New route to East Asia
Ferdinand and Isabella
Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
San Salvador (Hispaniola) and Cuba
Indians?
Four Voyages
Treaty of Tordesillas
Amerigo Vespucci
Two views of Columbus
• Discover of the New World
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Allowed population relief in Europe
Discovered new wealth and goods
New Food Sources From Americas
Columbus Day
• Destroyer of an Ancient Society
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Devistated the Tiano or Arawak Indians
Objective: land, slaves, and gold
Disease
European Conquest destroyed Native Civilization
Bartolome de las Casa
• History of the Indies
• A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies
Biological (Columbus) Exchange
• Exchange of flora and fauna, and cultures between
Hemispheres
• Europe to Americas
– Coffee, Horses, Pigs, Cattle, Wheat, Sugar Cane, Small
Pox
• Americas to Europe
– Potatoes, Tomatoes, Corn, Beans, Syphilis
• Disease and Native Americas
• Cultural Exchange
– War
– Trade
– Migration
The Spanish in America
• The Clash of Cultures
– Guns, Germs, and Steel… Plus horses
• Hernando Cortes and the Aztecs
– Conquistadores, gold and slaves
– Quetzalcoatl
– Tenochtitlan
– Montezuma II,
– Besiege 85 days
– Smallpox
• Francisco Pizarro and the Incas
Cont.
• Two views of conquest
– Monetary, conquistadors
– Religion, priest contrast to conq
• Encomienda (plantation)
– Encomenderos (lord)
– Hacienda (Farm)
• Indian Slaves vs. African Slaves
• Spanish explores
– Hernando de Soto – destruction
– Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – lost city of gold
Continue
• Franciscan and Jesuit Missionaries
– Catholic Missions
– Presidios
• Popes Rebellion
– Juan de Onate
– Indian Revolt of 1680
– Pope
– Northern Boundary
Decline of Spanish America
• Spain and England went to war
– English Privateers
– Catholics vs. Protestants
– King Phillip II vs. Queen Elizabeth
– “Invincible Armada”
– “Protestant Wind”
– A new sea and colonial power