Answers
1.
CHAPTER 2 BLM ANSWER KEY
BLM 2-2: Practice with Organic Reactions
Hydrolysis: Does a large organic molecule such as
an ester or amide split in half to form two smaller
organic molecules?
Condensation: Do two organic molecules combine to
form a large organic molecule such as an ester or
amide?
Reduction: Does the product have more bonds to
hydrogen and fewer bonds to oxygen?
Oxidation: Does the product have fewer bonds to
hydrogen and more bonds to oxygen?
Substitution: Has an atom or group of atoms been
substituted with a different atom or group of atoms?
Elimination: Does the organic product have more
double or triple bonds than the reactant?
Addition: Does the organic product have fewer
double or triple bonds than the reactant?
CHAPTER 2 BLM ANSWER KEY
BLM 2-1: Identifying Organic Reactions
Answers
Type of reaction
Reaction 1
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
addition
Reaction 2
no
yes
no
yes
no
no
no
oxidation
Reaction 3
yes
no
no
no
no
no
no
addition
Reaction 4
no
yes
no
no
no
no
no
elimination
Reaction 5
no
no
yes
no
no
no
yes
hydrolysis (substitution)
Reaction 6
yes
no
no
no
yes
no
no
reduction
Reaction 7
no
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
condensation
(substitution)
Reaction 8
no
no
yes
no
no
no
no
substitution
2. (a)
2.
Draw and name all products of the
following reactions.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(d)
3. (a)
2-ethylpentanal
(b)
2-hexanone
(c)
butanoic acid
4. (a)
(c)
3-heptanol
(b)
2-methyl-1-butanol
(c)
2,3-dimethylcyclohexanol
(d)
5.
(e)
BLM 2-5: Organic Reactions Test
Answers
1.
Alkenes have carbon-carbon double bonds. These double
bonds have a high electron density. This means that
alkenes are considerable more reactive than alkanes.
Alkenes are an important starting material in the
synthesis of other organic compounds.
CHAPTER 2 BLM ANSWER KEY
(f)
(g)
addition
(b)
addition
(c)
substitution
(d)
substitution
(e)
condensation
(f)
addition
(g)
hydrolysis
3. (a)
6.
A polymer is a substance whose molecules are made up
of many small molecules called monomers linked
together in long continuous chains.
7.
Addition polymers are formed from monomers with
double or triple bonds. These polymers are formed by
addition reactions. An example of an addition polymer
is polyethene. Condensation polymers form when
monomers with two functional groups react to form
ester or amide bonds. This type of polymerization
involves the elimination of a small molecule, such as
water, H2O. An example of a condensation polymer
is Dacron.
8.
Natural polymers are polymers that occur freely in
nature. They include classes of compounds such as
proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids such as DNA
and RNA. Synthetic polymers are polymers produced
industrially. These polymers include compounds such
as nylon, Dacron, polyethene, polypropene, and many
other plastics.
9.
The simplest carbohydrate molecules are simple sugars,
or monosaccharides. Examples are glucose and
fructose. Sugars formed by two monosaccharides
linked together are classified as disaccharides. Sucrose
is a disaccharide. Ten or more monosaccharides linked
together produce a polysaccharide. Examples include
starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
4. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
10.
Lipids are biological compounds that are insoluble in
water. These compounds include fats, oils, and waxes.
Lipids will dissolve in organic solvents. Since many
lipids are hydrocarbons or contain large hydrocarbon
portions, they burn readily and are good fuels.
11.
DNA is a molecule that consists of two strands
entwined in a helical configuration. Each strand is a
polymer made from multiple nucleotide molecules.
Each nucleotide is composed of a five-carbon sugar, a
phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen-containing
bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and
cytosine (C). The four nitrogenous bases of DNA are
arranged along the sugar-phosphate backbone in a
particular order (the DNA sequence), encoding all
genetic instructions for an organism. The two DNA
strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between
the bases. Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), while
cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).
12.
Possible benefits include pharmaceutical drugs,
synthetic fabrics, and plastic. Possible risks include
water pollution from organic compounds, the addition
of harmful organic compounds as preservatives in
foods, and harm to animals and fish from the
bioaccumulation of toxic organic compounds.
5. (a)
(b)