Contact
France and the Amerindians
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Northeast
Trade
Most successful
Gift givers
Beaver pelts
Firearms, alcohol
Jesuits
Spain and the Amerindians
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Southwest, Pueblo
Encomienda system
Mission system
Pope’s Rebellion (1680)
Horses, sheep
90%
England and the Amerindians
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Removal or extermination
Pilgrims in Plymouth Bay
Squanto, 1st Thanksgiving, 1621
Puritans in New England, convert, 1630’s
Pequot War-women, kids
King Phillips War 1670’s-women, kids,
Metacom, the end
• New England Confederation-1643
England and the Amerindians
• Pennsylvania- Quakers, good
• Chesapeake (Va.,MD.,) , John Smith and
Powhatans, John Rolfe and Pocahantas,
Anglo-Powhatan Wars; Bacon’s
Rebellion(1670’s)
• Carolinas- sold Indians into slavery in
Barbados
• French and Indian War (1754-1763)- move
into interior
Dutch and the Amerindians
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New Netherlands
1600’s
Hudson River Valley
Fur trade with Iroquois
Peter Minuit bought Manhattan
Wars eventually
Southern Colonies
General Characteristics
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Plantation
Tobacco & rice
Indentured servants then slaves
Sparsely populated
Religious toleration
Anglican Church prominent
Expansion
Chesapeake (Virginia & Maryland)
Virginia
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1607
Jamestown
Virginia Company
Gold, Christianity, Northwest Passage
Virginia Charter-rights
Starving time (1610-1611)
Virginia
• Captain John Smith-1608, Powhatans,
Pocahantas, food, peace
• John Rolfe- tobacco, plantation system
• House of Burgesses- 1619, colonial
parliament
• 1624- Va. Becomes a Royal colony
Maryland
• Charles I; Sir George Calvert (Lord
Baltimore)
• Catholic
• Act of Toleration 1649, no Jews & atheists
Life in Chesapeake
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Disease
½ born there die before 20
Women scarce- marry early
By 1700, Va. Most populous, 50,000
By 1700, MD., 3rd populous, 30,000
Restoration Colonies
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No colonization during English Civil War
1640’s-1650’s
Charles II “Restored” to power 1660
Colonization began again
Carolinas, New York, Pennsylvania
British West Indies
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Sugar plantations
Slaves
Population increase
Moved to America with slaves
Carolinas
• 1670
• Grow foodstuff for sugar plantations in
Barbados and export wine, silk, olive oil
• Rice
• 1710: more blacks than whites
North Carolina
• Charles Town, 1712
• Poor and religious dissenters from
Carolina and Va.
• Most democratic, independent and least
aristocratic
Georgia
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1733
The last
James Oglethorp
Haven for debtors, buffer b/w Spain and
indians from the south
• Savannah: diverse, no Catholics
Slavery
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Most from West Africa
50 m died or became slaves
400,000 to North America
20% died in Middle Passage
Most slaves came after 1700
Less immigration from Europe
Longer life span in America
Slave Codes
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Property for life of master
Crime to teach
Christianity did not equal freedom
Harshest in South, least in Middle
Tobacco less deadly
Gullah
Stono Rebellion: 1739, more control over
slaves
Southern Society-18th c
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Plantation owners
Small farmers
Landless Whites
Indentured Servants
Black Slaves
Underdeveloped, few cities, plantations
New England Colonies
Protestant Reformation
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Martin Luther 1517
John Calvin 1536- the elect
Church of England 1530’s
Puritans
Separatists- Pilgrims, Mayflower,
Plymouth, Thanksgiving
Massachusetts
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1629
Charles I- anti Puritans
Non separatist Puritans
The Great Migration
English Civil War (1642-1649)
John Winthrop
“A house….”- model of Christian charity
Massachusetts
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Covenant theology
Belong to Puritans, free, adult, 2/5
Puritans became Congregational Church
Town hall meetings
Not a democracy
Taxes to church
Least tolerant of religions
Massachusetts
• Quakers
• Anne Hutchinson- antomianism, RI
• Roger Williams- Indians, “liberty of
conscience”, separation, Providence
• Half-Way Covenant- 1662
• Salem Witch Trials- 1692, decline of
Puritan clergy, Cotton Mather
Rhode Island
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1644
Roger Williams
Baptist church
Complete freedom of religion, Jews and
Catholics
• Simple suffrage
• Individualistic & independent
Connecticut
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1636
Puritans from Boston
Rev. Thomas Hooker
More land
New Haven-1638, stricter than Hooker,
Charles II, revenge, CT.
• Fundamental Orders- 1st modern
constitution in American History
Maine
• 1677
• Part of MBC
• 1820
New Hampshire
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1679
MBC in 1641
Fishing, trading
Charles II, royal
Dominion of New England
• Charles II clamps down- meetings, press,
taxes, smuggling grew
• MBS revoke 1684
• 1686- Dominion
• Mercantilism- benefit of England
• Goal to unite all NE colonies
• Enforce Navigation laws
• Defense against indians
Glorious Revolution
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1688
James II (Cath.) out; William & Mary in
Constitutional monarchy
Boston arrests leader of DNE (Andros)
Unrest begins
Mass. Becomes Royal, tighter control
Trade, fishing, lumber, shipping, fur
Impact of Puritans
• Democracy
• Perfectionist: anti-slavery, women’s rights,
education, prohibition, prison reform
• Harvard 1636, 1st
• Massachusetts School of Law 1642
• Compulsory education- literacy
• Tight knit society=security
• Families, many children
What Political and Religious circumstances
in England led to the formation and
development of New England?
• Religious persecution
• English Civil War reduced migration
• Colonies left alone
How did Religion play a role
in the development of New
England Colonies
•Pilgrims
•Covenant Theology
•Rhode Island
•Connecticut
•Protestant work ethic
•Clergy had power
•Education
How did New England differ
socially, economically and
politically from the southern
colonies?
•Economically- diverse, little slaves
•Socially- religion, education, family
•Politically- church=vote, not as
aristocratic, strong communities
How did Puritanism in NE lead
towards democracy?
• Town hall meetings
• Church members could vote
Trace the decline in the
prestige of the Puritan clergy
in the 17th c.
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Halfway Covenant
Dominion of New England
Salem Witch trials
Congregational Church