1. Locate Core 40 Study Guide
• Today’s Goal:
Indy 100 Speed Trials
Bring a digital picture of
yourself on Thursday.
1. Locate your Core 40 Study
Guide.
Today’s Goal:
• Reinforce Genetics.
Core 40 Test
Practice
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Batter Up!
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In the event of an environmental change, which of
the following increases the likelyhood that a
species will survive?
A. Genetic diversity
B. Asexual reproduction
C. Rapid growth rate
D. Dominant traits
According to the table below, which species
are most closely related?
A.A and B
B. B and D
C. C and D
D. A and C
Species
A and B
% difference in DNA
A and C
1.2
B and D
2.4
C and D
1.8
A and D
2.4
1.4
Look carefully at the pictures of bird beaks above.
Choose the response that matches each beak with
the most likely diet.
A. 1:nectar, 2:nuts & seeds, 3:aquatic organisms, 4: meat
B. 1:nectar, 2:meat, 3:nuts and seeds, 4: aquatic organisms
C. 1:aquatic organisms, 2:nuts & seeds, 3:nectar, 4:meat
D. 1:aquatic organisms, 2:nuts & seeds, 3:meat, 4:nectar
Two subpopulations of a species of bird became
isolated through geographic change a long time
ago. A scientist wonders if the 2 populations are
still the same species. Which question must the
scientist answer to determine if the populations are
still the same species?
A. Do they look identical in every aspect?
B. Do they have the same behavioral patterns?
C. Will they raise each other’s offspring?
D. Can they mate to produce fertile offspring?
Which of these ideas was part of Darwin’s Origin of
Species in which he presented a mechanism for
evolution?
A. Human beings evolved from monkeys.
B. The genetic code found in DNA is the same for
almost all organisms.
C. Only biologically inherited characteristics can
be passed on to offspring.
D. Characteristics that an individual acquires
during its lifetime can be passed on to offspring.
• Explain three (3) of the main
components of Darwin’s theory of
evolution. Include a description of
the evidence used by Darwin.
• Explain three (3) of the main
contributions of Gregor Mendel.
Briefly describe how Mendel
developed his evidence.
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human
Thr
Leu
Ser
Glu
Leu
His
Cys
Asp
Lys
Leu
His
Val
Asp
Pro
Glu
Asn
Phe
Arg
Leu
gorilla
Thr
Leu
Ser
Glu
Leu
His
Cys
Asp
Lys
Leu
His
Val
Asp
Pro
Glu
Asn
Phe
Lys
Leu
chimp
Thr
Leu
Ser
Glu
Leu
His
Cys
Asp
Lys
Leu
His
Val
Asp
Pro
Glu
Asn
Phe
Arg
Leu
monkey
Gln
Leu
Ser
Glu
Leu
His
Cys
Asp
Lys
Leu
His
Val
Asp
Pro
Glu
Asn
Phe
Lys
Leu
Scientists often compare the amino acid sequence
found in the protein hemoglobin to infer the
evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Based on the data above, which organisms are
most closely related?
A. gorilla and monkey
B. chimp and gorilla
C. monkey and human
D. chimp and human
A population of snakes lives on a large island that
becomes two separate islands when the sea level
rises. What would you expect to happen after a
very long period of time?
A. Competition will increase.
B. Speciation will occur.
C. Interbreeding will continue.
D. Natural selection will stop.
The best measure of evolutionary relationship
between two species can be estimated from
their….
A. length of time on Earth.
B. amount of cooperation.
C. genetic similarities.
D. behavioral similarities.
Complex, multicellular organisms were able to
evolve primarily because…..
A. the atmosphere changed.
B. water began to condense.
C. cells with nuclei developed.
D. of availability of resources.
According to natural selection, which is the best
explanation of the evolution of the giraffe’s neck?
A. Giraffes evolved long necks so they could eat
the leaves of tall trees.
B. The necks of giraffes gradually got longer as
they reached for the leaves of tall trees.
C. Giraffes were designed to have long necks so
they could reach the leaves of tall trees.
D. Giraffes evolved long necks because those
with longer necks were more likely to pass the
gene to offspring.
How did the identification of genes help explain the
theory of evolution by natural selection?
A. Genes are segments of DNA on chromosomes.
B. Organisms that are “best fit” are more likely to
survive.
C. Species change over time in response to their
environment.
D. Inherited traits are passed to offspring through
genes.
Identify two (2) sources of
scientific evidence of evolution.
Describe two (2) of the main
components of Darwin’s
theory of natural selection.
Compare and contrast
evolution and ecology.
Describe Lamarck’s hypothesis for how
organisms change over time. Then
describe one piece of biological
evidence that refutes his theory.
Describe two of the
adaptations birds have
evolved that allow most of
them to fly.
Describe two of the
adaptations birds have
evolved that allow most of
them to fly.
Island chain made
famous by Darwin’s
work.
24
What is an example of
divergent evolution?
25
What is adaptation or
natural selection?
26
What is evolution?
27
Phrase used for natural
selection.
28
Example of biochemical
evidence among
common ancestors (just
need one).
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What are other
evidences of evolution?
30
What is the ultimate
source of variation in a
population so that
evolution can occur?
31
What is a vestigial
structure?
32
What are homologous
structures?
33
What are analogous
structures?
34
What is an example of
homologous structures?
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Bacteria and Viruses
Virus Structure
Label the structures
and match them to
their function (What
they do)
A. DNA or
RNA
1.
Helps the
virus attach
B. Protein
Coat or
Capsid
2.
Instructions
a virus
carries
C. Tail
SHeath
3.
Protective
covering
Bacteria Structure
Label the
structures
A. DNA
B. Nucleus
C. Cell Wall
D. Flagellum
E. Pili
Lytic vs. Lysogenic Cycle
Match these letters to
the correct steps
and cycles
A. Lytic Cycle
B. Lysogenic Cycle
C. Bacteriophage attaches
and inserts DNA
D. Host cell produces more
bacteriophage
E. Bacteriophage DNA
joins host cell DNA
F. Bacteriophage escape
by bursting host cell
Classifying Bacteria
Label the shapes
A. Coccus
B. Spirilla
C. Bacillus
Review Questions
1) Unlike Chemoautotrophs, Photoautotrophs get their energy…
a)
Directly from the sun
c) Directly from food
molecules
b) directly from inorganic
molecules
d) directly from other
organisms
2) The term that is not closely related to the others is
a) Eubacteria
b) bacteria
c) Prokaryote
d) Eukaryote
Review Questions
3) Certain viruses called _______ viruses cause cancer in
animals
a) Bacteriophage
b) oncogenic
c) AIDS
c) Prophage
4) Bacteria help the environment by
a) Carrying out photosynthesis
b) Recycling nutrients
c) Nitrogen fixation
d) All of the above
Review Questions
5) Bacteriophage infect
a) Other viruses
c) any available host
c) bacteria only
d) cells undergoing the lytic
cycle
Answers…
Virus Structure
B
A
C
Label the structures
and match them to
their function (What
they do)
A. DNA or
RNA
1.
Helps the
virus attach
B. Protein
Coat or
Capsid
2.
Instructions
a virus
carries
C. Tail
SHeath
3.
Protective
covering
Bacteria Structure
E
C
Label the
structures
A. DNA
B. Nucleus
C. Cell Wall
D. Flagellum
E. Pili
D
A
Bacteria don’t have a nucleus and flagella
are longer than pili
Lytic vs. Lysogenic Cycle
Match these letters to
the correct steps
and cycles
C
A. Lytic Cycle
B. Lysogenic Cycle
C. Bacteriophage attaches
and inserts DNA
A
B
F
D. Host cell produces more
bacteriophage
E. Bacteriophage DNA
joins host cell DNA
F. Bacteriophage escape
by bursting host cell
D
E
Classifying Bacteria
Label the shapes
A
B
C
A. Coccus
B. Spirilla
C. Bacillus
Review Questions
1) Unlike Chemoautotrophs, Photoautotrophs get their energy…
a) Directly from the sun
b) directly from inorganic
molecules
c) Directly from food
molecules
d) directly from other
organisms
Photo means light. Photoautorophs make their own energy from light.
How do chemoautotrophs get energy?
2) The term that is not closely related to the others is
a) Eubacteria
b) bacteria
c) Prokaryote
d) Eukaryote
A, B, and C are all bacteria. A Eukaryote
has a true (eu) Nucleus (karyote). Bacteria
don’t have a nucleus
Review Questions
3) Certain viruses called _______ viruses cause cancer in
animals
a) Bacteriophage
b) oncogenic
c) AIDS
c) Prophage
To cause (gen) cancer (onco)=> onco-genic
4) Bacteria help the environment by
a) Carrying out photosynthesis
b) Recycling nutrients
c) Nitrogen fixation
d) All of the above
Look back at your notes and
homework, these are listed
Review Questions
5) Bacteriophage infect
a) Other viruses
c) any available host
c) bacteria only
d) cells undergoing the lytic
cycle
Things to study
(Look at your notes and homework)
 Structures of bacteria and viruses
 The difference between Lytic and
Lysogenic cycle
 How to classify bacteria
– What makes them different from others
 How do viruses get us sick
 How are bacteria useful