Integrative Factors to Successful Performance
Trainability
Age
Physiology
Genetic
endowment
Psychology
Physical
training
Integrator
Biomechanics
Sport
performance
Coaching
Health
status
Diet, injury,
fatigue, drugs
Fan support
Medical support
Organization and team management
Cox, M. et al. (1995). Applied Physiology of Ice Hockey, Sport Med.
Goals of the US Amputee
Strength and Conditioning
Program
• Develop a high level of athleticism
• Performance enhancement
• Prevention of injury
– Overuse, skin breakdowns, and joint pain
inflammation to the non-amputated or
amputated limbs
Athleticism
• Development of Total
Athleticism
– Agility
– Balance
– Coordination
– Core stability
– Endurance
– Flexibility
– Power
– Reaction / Reflexes
– Speed
– Strength
• Periodization for Ice Hockey
– Strength
– Power
– Speed
– Plyometrics
– Metabolic training
[aerobic and anaerobic]
– Flexibility
Endurance
• Anaerobic endurance
• Aerobic endurance
– Cardiovascular efficiency
– Muscular conditioning
– Permits rapid recovery
between intense periods of
activity
• Aerobic activities include:
– Distance running
– Distance skating
– Bicycling
– Slide-stride boards
– Swimming
– High intensity
– Short duration
• A player’s ability to repeat
skills without exhaustion
• Anaerobic activities include:
– Skating intervals
Strength
• Specific muscle groups used in hockey
– Upper body and core strength
• Core strength (Abdominals, Lower Back, Hips)
– Flexion, Rotation
– Hyperextension/Extension
– Stability/Physio Ball
– Medicine Ball (2-5 kg)
Power Training
• Plyometrics [speed and agility]
– Series of footwork drills to improve your balance, agility, endurance and
vertical jump. You'll gain exceptional body awareness and the ability to
move quickly and explosively in any direction
• Strength Training
– Involves the use of weight lifting with specialized equipment to improve
your power base in key areas often neglected by traditional weight
training, such as the core strength, lower abdominals and hip girdle
• Resistance Training
– Attached to your arms and/or legs, training cords increase resistance
when you're running, skating, kicking, hitting or throwing and are used
differently for each sport.
– Training cords enable athletes to strengthen while performing the skill at
velocities used in actual athletic competition
Strength Exercises Typical To
Hockey
Sport Specific Training
• What skating movements are required of a
player?
– Forward skating stride (Hip flexion,
extension and abduction)
– Backward skating stride (Hip flexion,
extension, abduction, external rotation,
knee extension)
– Cross-over (Hip extension, adduction,
and knee extension)
In their own words ….
“We live in a very competitive society. Participation in sports is a valid avenue for
persons with disabilities to learn physical skills and socialization skills that will
allow them to more effectively compete in all areas of their lives. Attitudes
change when people observe other people breaking stereotypes and dispelling
misconceptions.”
- Duncan Wyeth, Paralympic champion in
cycling, discus, & javelin
“We are a group who tends to challenge life instead of waiting around for things to
come to us. We are the high-profile ‘hot shots’ that help change the image of
the physically challenged by our social appeal and appearance.”
- Brenda Gilmore, National champion in tennis
“The fact that I can’t run like others does not always put me at a disadvantage. It
just means that I may have to train better and play more intelligently to compete
on a level playing field. Maybe that’s what conquering a disability is all aboutfiguring out how to level the playing field.”
- Rod Hernley, Paralympic champion in skiing
“Sport can help you to accept a disability within a functional context, to overcome
prejudices toward disability, and to form a self-confident identity.”
- Gunther Belitz, Paralympics champion in
track & field
In their own words continued ..
“I truly feel it is an honor to have the opportunity to wear Team USA jersey and
represent other amputees in our country”
-- Dave Levesque (US Hockey captain)
“Our team personality should be as winners and we represent the United States of
America - the best country in the world.”
-- Joe Bowser (US Hockey player,
Administrator for Army Secretary
Pete Geren)
Coaching-Consulting Athletes w/ Disabilities
• Acute Psychological-Situational Differences between able-bodied
players and US Amputee team
* frustration over prosthetics
* pain/blisters from prosthetics
* mistakes due to faulty equipment
* longer time to dress/time for adjustments
* limited time together (social-task cohesion)
* limited time on the ice due to $-time constraints
* limited access to specific fitness programs &
specialized equipment for training (DePauw & Gavron, 1995)
* importance of safe contact (boards) & falling safely
• “Coaching techniques & training regimes used with able-bodied athletes
should be used as the basis for training and suggested modifications
used only as needed. Further, athletes with disabilities should also be
consulted for their firsthand knowledge of effective training” (p. 173, D & G)
Coaching-Consulting Athletes w/ Disabilities
• Empirical research comparing Athletes w/ disabilities with Able-bodied
(Sherrill, 1990):
– Similar iceberg profiles
– Similar success-failure responses
– Anxiety & self-concept measures
• Similarities between able-bodied players and US Amputee members
* drive to win – self motivation
* competitors (the sport ethic)
* importance of the “effects” of
mental game
• TEAM similarities:
* camaraderie – sharing your experiences
* typical team issues/challenges = curfew; parental issues; PT
issues; personnel issues; lineup
Performance Preparation Protocol
I.
Optimal Preparation for Camp
II.
Optimal Preparation for Individual Improvement,
III.
Optimal Execution in Practice & Games
IV.
Enhanced Coping w/ Practice-Game Adversity
V. Captaining-Contributions-CohesionVI.
Practice & Games
Correspondence
Debriefing/Action Review (AR)
Dave Harackiewicz, Professor & Coach, CCSU & USA Hockey
Contact: Mike Voight, Ph.D., CCSU & Team Consultant
website: www.drmikevoight.com
E: voightmir@ccsu.edu
II. GOING FOR GOLD: 2008 NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS
** choose one of these (or more), or one of your fav’s, write it down, and post it in your locker
(T.E.A.M was used last night)
"The harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph."
“It is a rough road that leads to the heights of greatness.”
"Every job is a self-portrait of the person who did it.
Autograph your work with excellence."
"Go over, go under, go around, or go through.
But never give up."
"You measure the size of the accomplishment by
the obstacles you had to overcome to reach your goals."
Booker T. Washington
"Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you
take your eyes off your goals."
"Adversity does not build character…it reveals it."
"There is no challenge too great for those who have the
will and heart to make it happen."
"Courageous risks help you grow, allow you to face your
fears, and make you better than you think you are."
"Excellence is never an accident; it is the result of high
intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction, skillful
execution and the vision to see obstacles as
opportunities"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------** all the best in your preparations for the GOLD !
III. Individual Improvement: Contributions
Inspiration
Emotional Toughness
Mental ToughnessMechanics
Leadership
Quality Practice
Team Play
Knowledge of Tactics
Technical Proficiency
Physical Toughness
III. MENTAL SKILLS TRAINING for HOCKEY
ON-ICE MENTAL TOUGHNESS ROUTINES
Routine/Cues
Active hands
Mental skill/action
= spinning the stick
= active stick on the ice
Mental/Technical Effect
> release tension; present focus;
increase energy; refocusing;
keeping hands ready
Energizing breaths
= full breaths
> fend off tension & fatigue;
energize system
Active feet
= keep skating
> alleviates watching play; present
focus; improve readiness & anticipation
Focus below the
glass
= focus on ice & boards
> focusing IN on present action, not on
distractions off-ice (stands, scoreboard)
'Park' distractions
= refocus; present focus
> mistake management; dealing w/
distractions, stressors; adversity
Refocusing routines:
Strategy/Toughness
Cues
= refocus; present focus
> readiness; confidence enhancement;
mistake management.
Head on a swivel
cue
= strategy/toughness cue;
widen attentional focus
> increase vision; improved reads &
position; communication; readiness.
Performance cues
(the A-B-C's)
= present focus; focus on
specific roles
> concentration; refocusing; confidence;
mistake management; mastering
adversity