Welcome to CJ 101!!
Kaplan University
Professor Chad Rosa
Unit 4
Kaplan University
 Once
again, a few reminders………
Your Professor – Me 
 Minnesota
 Over
– southern metro area
18 years of criminal justice
experience including: private
security, state patrol, municipal
patrol officer and school resource
officer
Online Learning at KU

KU stands for Kaplan University

Each class is 10 weeks long

Each week is called a Unit

Each unit has several graded items –
check the gradebook!!
Online Learning at KU


Each unit/week starts on Wednesday &
ends at 1159 pm EST on Tuesday
Start your work for each Unit early –
DON’T wait until the end of the week to
complete your work
Online Learning at KU
 Want
class?
 The
to be successful in my
following are the secrets…
Reading
Each unit has a reading link – which
tells you which chapter(s) to read
 Electronic book/chapters in
docsharing
 Powerpoints –
 Read both 
 Start your work for each Unit early –
DON’T wait until the end of the week
to complete your work

Discussion Questions
 Each
unit has a discussion board
question
 Always
answer the question with
at least a 100 word answer
 You
must respond to at least 3
other students
Discussion Questions

Your response to other students Must give good input and
thought – not “good post” etc

Your postings must be spread out
over 3 days

Your postings must be spelled
correctly and grammatically correct
Quizzes
 Many
units will have a quiz
 You can always retake a quiz to
get a better grade – most recent
score is kept
 However, quizzes are only open
during the unit, never accepted
late
Seminars
 EASTERN
TIME
 No seminar during units 5 or 10
 Participation & quality input
 If
you miss a seminar – alternate
assignment to DocSharing, NOT
Dropbox 
Seminars
 If
you miss a seminar –
 Review the instructions in the
seminar link of each unit.

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
To receive credit for the seminar if you are unable to
attend, you are required to write a 1 page paper
summary on what we covered.
Review the seminar archive for additional information.
Submit your assignment using the Doc Sharing tab.
Select the option to send to your instructor only.
More Success

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Go in to DocSharing and print out my
example paper and EXACTLY follow
that format
MUST write all papers in a Microsoft Word
document
MUST write in Times New Roman size 12
font and double space
Cover/title page, body of text and
reference page
Gradebook

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
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Always check your grade book
Click on each individual grade so you can
read my comments
You can always redo and resubmit any
work for a better grade – BUT only within
ONE week
For example, you receive a low grade on
your Unit 2 paper – you have until the end
of Unit 3 to resubmit it if you want to
Late Work
 Late
work will only be
accepted one week late – for
up to full credit
 After one week – no credit will
be given
Unit 3 Recap!!
 Graded
items:
 Discussion
 Quiz
 Seminar
board
What do I have to do to
complete this unit?
 Read
Chapters 7 & 8
 Discussion Board
 Attend the Seminar
 Complete the Quiz
 Power Point Project
Unit 4 PowerPoint
 In
Unit 3, (Chapter 6) you learned
about the 5 core operational
strategies and 1 ancillary
operational strategy that are
employed by law enforcement
agencies to fight and reduce
crime.
Unit 4 PowerPoint

There are five core operational strategies, each
with unique features:
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Preventive patrol
Routine incident response
Emergency response
Criminal investigation
Problem solving
Additionally, there is a 6th ancillary operational
strategy: support services.
Unit 4 PowerPoint

MUST cover 2 things:
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Identify and summarize the five core
operational strategies and one ancillary
operational strategy of law enforcement
Explain how these strategies are used by
law enforcement agencies to achieve
their crime fighting goals
Unit 4 Power Point
 Summarize
the 5 Core
Operational Strategies and the 6th
Ancillary Strategy.
 Each Strategy must be at least a
full slide in length – prefer if it
was 2 slides.
Strategies – 6 total!

Core:
Preventive Patrol
 Routine Patrol
 Emergency Patrol
 Criminal Investigation
 Problem Solving
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Ancillary:
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Support Services
Unit 4 Power Point
 Requirements:
 Summarize
 Explain
(Very Important!!)
the strategy
how the police use that
strategy to fight crime
Power Point Format
 Slide
1 = Cover slide
 Slides
2-7+ = Summary of each
strategy
 Last
slide = Reference slide
THE NEXT FEW SLIDES ARE VERY
IMPORTANT
PLEASE GIVE ME YOUR ATTENTION
Unit 4 Discussion Board
 Miranda
v Arizona
 Must go to these websites to read
about Miranda:
www.law.cornell.edu
www.findlaw.com
www.landmarkcases.org
Unit 4 Discussion Board
Miranda v Arizona
 Must have TWO things for Miranda
to apply:
 Person is “in-custody” – arrest or
just being detained and not free to
leave
 Person is being interrogated – being
asked questions that are
incriminating

What do I have to do to
complete this unit?
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Read Chapters 7 and 8
Respond to the Discussion Board
Complete Quiz
Attend Seminar
Complete Power Point Project
Unit 4
Policing: Legal Aspects
Unit 4 examines the responsibilities of policing as
related to upholding the constitution. Further, it
examines, the methods used to combat crime,
and the growing role of technology in policing.
Policing: Legal Environment
No one is above the law…not even the
police.
Unit 4 – Policing
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Policing: Legal Environment
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The U.S. Constitution was designed to protect
against abuses of police power.
Restraints on police behavior:
Help to ensure individual freedoms.
 Must be balanced against the need for police to
effectively do their jobs.

Unit 4 – Policing
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Changing Legal Climate
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The U.S. Constitution, especially the Bill of
Rights, is designed to protect citizens from
abuses in police power.
Due Process is required by 4th, 5th, 6th, and
14th Constitutional Amendments.
Search and Seizure: The Fourth
Amendment
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The Fourth Amendment protects one’s
privacy from unreasonable searches and
seizures.
Unit 4 – Policing
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What is the fruit of the poisoned tree
doctrine?
Unit 4 – Policing
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The Exclusionary Rule
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Weeks v. U.S. (1914) established the exclusionary
rule.
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Illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a trial.
This rule acts as a control over police behavior.
The decision was only binding to federal officers.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) extended the rule to the states.
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The 14th Amendment due process applies to local police, not
just federal officers.
Unit 4 – Policing
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Fruits of Poisoned Tree
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Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S. (1918)
Because illegally seized evidence cannot be
used in a trial, neither can evidence that
derives from an illegal seizure.
Reasonable Suspicion Versus
Probable Cause

Reasonable suspicion is a general and
reasonable belief that a crime is in
progress or has occurred whereas
probable cause is a reasonable belief that
a particular person has committed a
specific crime.
Unit 4 – Policing

Describe the circumstances under which
police officers may search vehicles and the
extent to which such searches are
permissible…
Unit 4 – Policing
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Fleeting Targets: Vehicle Searches
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Investigatory stops of vehicles required
reasonable suspicion.
Warrantless searches of vehicles must be
based on probable cause (fleeting-targets
exception).
Mobility of vehicles would allow them to
quickly flee.
Warrants are necessary if time and
circumstances permit them.
Unit 4 – Policing
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Vehicle Searches
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If probable cause exists or if permission is
granted, warrantless vehicle searches can
extend to any area of the vehicle, including:
the trunk
 the glove compartment
 sealed containers within the vehicle
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Unit 4 – Policing
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Vehicle Searches
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A permissible search of a motor vehicle does
not automatically extend to a search of a
person within the vehicle.
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Occupants can be ordered to step out of the
vehicle.
Unit 4 – Policing
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Vehicle Searches
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Illinois v. Caballes (2005)
The use of a drug-sniffing dog during a
routine and lawful traffic stop is permissible
and may not even be classified as a “search”
under the Fourth Amendment.
Unit 4 – Policing

Explain how the need to ensure public
safety justifies certain suspicionless
searches…
Unit 4 – Policing
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Suspicionless Searches
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Suspicionless searches may be necessary in order to
ensure public safety. Such searches must be based
on compelling interests.
Suspicionless sweeps of busses, trains, planes, and
city streets are permissible, as long as:
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Police ask permission
Police do not coerce people to consent
Police do not convey the message that compliance is
necessary
Unit 4 – Policing
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Suspicionless Border Searches
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Suspicionless searches of vehicles at our
nation’s borders are permitted, even when
searches are extensive.
U.S. v. Flores-Montano (2004)
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“The Government’s authority to conduct
suspicionless inspections at the border includes the
authority to remove, disassemble, and reassemble
a vehicle’s fuel tank.”
Unit 4 – Policing

Describe the nature of electronic evidence,
and explain how first-on-the-scene law
enforcement personnel should handle it…
Unit 4 – Policing
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High-Technology Searches
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Investigating crime is making greater use of hightechnology devises and practices, such as thermal
imaging devises.
If the government searches a home using a device
that is not something used by the general public, and
that shows something that wouldn’t be learned
without entering the house, then a warrant is
required.
Unit 4 – Policing
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Gaining Electronic Evidence
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Proper digital criminal forensics has become
increasingly important in today’s modern times.
Electronic evidence is of special concern because it:
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is latent
can transcend national and state borders quickly and easily
is fragile and can easily be altered, damaged, compromised,
or destroyed by improper handling or improper examination
may be time sensitive
Unit 4 – Policing
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Warrantless Searches of Electronic Evidence
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U.S. v. Carey (1999)—A federal appellate court held
that the consent a defendant had given to police for
his apartment to be searched did not extend to the
search of his computer once it was taken to police
station.
U.S. v. Turner held that the warrantless search of a
personal computer while in the defendant’s apartment
exceeded the scope of his consent.
Policing Issues and Challenges
“The police at all times should
maintain a relationship with the public
that gives reality to the historic
tradition that the police are the public
and that the public are the police.”
- Sir Robert Peel, 1829
Contemporary Policing

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What are some issues and challenges
facing police officers and administrators?
Everybody take a shot!!
Contemporary Policing

Issues and challenges facing police
officers and administrators:
Police personality and culture
 Corruption and integrity
 Dangers of police work
 Police use of force
 Racial profiling
 Police civil liability
 Policing in a multicultural society

Violence in the Line of Duty

Most officers who are shot are killed by lone
suspects armed with a single weapon.

In 2006, 146 American law enforcement
officers were killed in the line of duty.

The 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center
resulted in the greatest ever single-incident
line of duty deaths when 72 officers
perished.
U.S. Enforcement Officers Killed in
Law the Line of Duty, 2006
Unit 4 Requirements
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Read Chapter 7 AND 8
Attend the Weekly Seminar
Respond to the Discussion Board – 100
word answer and respond to at least one
other student
Take the Quiz
Complete everything by Tuesday at
1159pm EST
Good Night

That is all I have for tonight!! Have a
great upcoming week!! 