Law Enforcement Organization
and Administration
Chapter 3
LEADERSHIP
• Leadership is the ability to get things done
under the right circumstances.
Proactive Leadership
• Anticipate day to day events
• Do not wait to for events to reach them, they
plan for events
• Form a team that is flexible enough to seek a
wide variety of solutions to everyday
problems of police management
Competencies Needed For The
Exercise of Leadership
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Authority
Talent
Experience
Ethics
Training and Education
Authority
Charismatic Authority is an example of leadership
being exercised by the person and not by an
office.
Legitimate Authority has three major bases
1. Rational grounds
2. Traditional grounds
3. Charismatic grounds
Talent
• Intelligence and grasp of political issues and
communications skills.
Experience
• Need a blend of management and
operational experience
– Progress Experience
– Changing Assignments
Ethics
• Doing the right thing
every day
Training and Education
• On going experiences
– Must develop specific management skills
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Motivation of personnel
Budgeting
Strategic and short term planning
Marketing services
Emergency command situations
Legal issues
Planning for upgrading police technology
Management Styles
• Effective Leadership – includes the principles
of being proactive, setting goals, putting first
things first, thinking win-win, communicating
with people, synergizing and sharpening the
saw
Managing in Chaos
• Stay calm and take care of
your people.
• Keep or initiate
communications.
• Get back to business as a
soon a possible
• Have an incident
command plan
• Be prepared to retreat
• Deal with post event
stress and physical
conditions.
Digital Nervous System
• Apply 12 business practices that include
– Email
– Creating digital teams
– Improve quality
– Deal with client complaints
– Trade information between agencies
– Save meeting for important items instead of
routine matters
Emotional Intelligence
• The need for administrators to have selfawareness, self regulation, motivation,
empathy and social skills.
– Applies to team building, especially with
community policing.
Total Quality Management
• Although dated this has an impact on
community policing and improving services.
Those that apply to policing:
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Adoption of the quality philosophy for all areas
Improving work processes
Awarding contracts based on quality
Paying attention to training
Letting people ask questions
Breaking down communication barriers between units
– Reliance on hierarchy
Reengineering
• Re-define jobs and tasks
• Manager acts as the coach in defining what is
or is not important
• Theory often linked to downsizing and layoffs.
Katz’s Three Skills Approach
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Need for human, technical and conceptual
Managers must tolerate lots of ambiguity
Managers must have a sense of the big picture
In daily operations, these three skills are
brought together.
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
• This classic theory involving various employee
needs has five levels:
– Security – have some sense of security in the
position
– Social – relationship with peers
– Self-esteem – importance gained from being the
position for self; importance viewed from others
– Autonomy – the need for independent thought
and action; the need to have a say in daily
operations
Maslow (cont.)
• Self-actualization – the feeling of selffulfillment by being in a certain position, the
great feeling of worthwhile accomplishment.
• Basic needs must be met before employee can
achieve personal growth
• Police administrators need to be respected
and given authority
Herzberg
• Hygiene/Motivators Approach to Job
Satisfaction
– Review of job satisfaction found that there are hygiene
factors and motivators
– Hygiene factors are general work rules and work
conditions
– Motivators are those items that contribute to employee
growth, personal growth, recognition, personal
achievement
– Motivators are important for employee growth
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory y
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Traditional v Humanist-Participatory
Role of management is same for both
View of People is different
Direction v Motivation
Theory centers around the need for control
These are ideal typologies
Most organizations have a bit of both types
Theory Z and Police Management
• Guarantee of lifetime employment
• Career develops with different jobs
Blake and Mouton
• Managerial Grid
– A classic theory that conceptualizes management
styles with concern for production
– Concept is used for organizational training in order
to create teams and deal with problems.