BCM 210 Foundation IssuesFall 2000 refer to Allen Text Elements of foundations Footings Deep systems such as piles and caissons Foundations Walls Functional Aspects of foundation systems Transfer Loads Dead loads Live Loads Impact of soils on foundations selection, size, structural design, methods, and performance Bearing Settlement Elastic Consolidation Horizontal forces Frost Heave Design Chain (foundation design activities) Broad foundation types Shallow Deep Shallow Foundation Types Strip footings Pad or column footings Trench footings Slab on grade with thickened edge Interior footings for bearing walls Thickened slabs Place on undistrubed soil Engineered fills No organic soils Special footings and issues Step footings Underpinning Sloping sites Foundation walls Concrete unreinforced Concrete reinforced Concrete block Thickness required Reinforcing Control of movement, shrinkage, cracking Control joints Walls Slabs Moisture control Damp proofing Waterproofing Waterstops Deep Foundation Systems Drilled systems Caissons Belled caissons Socketed caissons Auger cast piles Driven systems Timber piles Steel H piles Precast concrete End bearing Friction piles Pile proprietary Systems Performance Methods Retaining Wall Systems Soils Soil Rock Components of soil Solids Voids Water Air Soil Classifications Unified Soil Classification System(USCS) Boulders Cobbles G S M C O or pt Coarse Fines Classification Process (USCS) Soil sampling and testing methods Flow of process Sieve analysis Atterberg Limits for fines Lab testing and reporting Soils reporting Uses Foundation design Planning for construction activities Excavation issues Impact of soils Bracing, shoring, slope support Benched foundation Shoring Design considerations Sheet Shoring Components Shoring Removable Permanent Whalers Rakers Tie Backs Lagging and soldier beams Slurry walls Cross lot bracing Soil mixing Water in soils and dewatering measures Impacts of water Dewatering methods Compaction Proctor testing and densities Modified Proctor Specified densities Equipment