 What is shotcrete?
 How is it different from conventional concrete?
 Constituent materials
 Equipment
 Properties
 Factors affecting adhesion
 Advantages
 Drawbacks
 Applications
 Precautions
 Conclusion

Shotcrete is the sprayed concrete.
Shotcrete process uses compressed air to convey the concrete mix through delivery hose to project the material onto the sprayed surface under high velocity .
Shotcreting can be done in dry mix and wet mix processes.

Simultaneous placing and compaction
Minimum to no formwork requirement
Dense, homogenous, strong and water proof compared to conventional
* concrete placing methods.

 Traditional portland cement
 Additions:
1.PFA
2.GGBS
3.CSF
 Aggregates
 Admixtures:
1.accelerators
2.super plasticizers
3.hydration control admixtures
 Fibres
 Steel reinforcement
 Curing agents



 Low water/cement ratio
 High strength and rapid strength gain
 High density and low permeability
 Enhanced adhesion and high bond strength
 Early setting and better finish

• Geometrical variation of the surface
• Nozzle angle to surface
• Nozzle distance to surface
• Viscosity of the concrete
• Thickness of the current layer of concrete on the surface
• Velocity of flow of the concrete
• Accelerant dose

 Reduction in formwork cost
 Limitless shape possibilities
 Superior freeze and thaw resistance
 Reduction of drying shrinkage
 Can be used for work on irregular surfaces
 Minimal curing
 Ease of access
 Economical
 Time saving
 Sustainable process

• High initial cost
• High skill requirement
• The dust can cause health hazard to construction workers

Water Retaining Structures
Sea and river walls
Reservoirs and dams
Swimming pools
Water towers
Canal linings
Irrigation and drainage channels

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Underground Construction
Tunnel linings
Storage reservoirs
Mining and excavation
Underpinning
Foundation stabilization

Protective Coatings

Fire protection to structural steelwork
Refractory linings
Cracks repair
Rock and soil stabilization
Bridges and housing

Other Constructions
Shell roofs and domes
Retaining walls
Silo structures
Blast proof structures
Bank vaults
Shoring for excavation
Sculptures and texturing

 Shotcrete should not be applied on dry, dusty or frozen rock surfaces. The work surface should be sprayed with an air water jet before shotcreting.
 The distance between the work surface and nozzle should be 1-1.5 meters and the nozzle should be held perpendicular to the surface for effective shotcreting .
 The workmen should wear protective mask while working.

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