RESTORATION AND THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
1660-1798
I. MONARCHIES
A. CHARLES II (1660-1685)
1. Came out of exile in France in 1660
2. Part of Stuart line of kings/queens
3. Protestant, but held sympathy for Catholics
and French
4. Parliament becomes divided into
a. Royalists/Tories
b. Whigs
5. Problems during his reign— Plague,
London fire, Dutch attack and harm British Navy
B. JAMES (1685-1688)
1. Catholic; fought with parliament
2. Abdicated the throne; fled to
France
C. WILLIAM AND MARY (1688-early 1700’s)
1. Mary was James’ daughter
2. William’s title was William of
Orange
3. Pro-Protestant and anti-French
4. Their takeover was called
“Glorious/Bloodless Revolution”
5. Brought about the Revolution
Settlement
D. Queen Anne (early 1700’s)
1. Last Stuart monarch
2. Created Great Britain—union of England,
Wales, Scotland, and Ireland
E. George I and George II—early to mid1700’s
F. George III—1760-1811
1. end of peace between monarch and parliament
2. American Revolution
II. Economics
A. Mainly agricultural at beginning of
era
B. Switched to industrial as
advancements were made in both
fields
C. Two classes emerged toward end of
era: wealthy and poor
III. Enlightenment
A. Major philosophers: Kant, Locke,
etc.
B. Focus on scientific inquiry in all
areas of life (human nature,
government, religion, etc.)
IV. Neoclassic Literature
A. Restoration Age (1660-1700)
1. Satire used in drama to poke fun
at Stuart court
2. The elite also enjoyed heroic
drama, tragedies, comedies
3. the commoners enjoyed the
Puritan traditional themes and styles
B. Augustan Age (1700-1750) (also
called Age of Pope)
1. Emphasis on Latin style of
literature
2. Pope, Addison, Steele, Swift were
major satirists
3. Emotionalism began to creep into
drama and fiction; novel rose as an
art form
C. Age of Johnson (1750-1798)
1. Emphasis shifting to real life, nonfiction
2. Rise of Gothic novels, mysterious
tales, supernatural influence
3. Move toward the Romantic toward
the end of the era