Restoration to
Glorious Revolution
The Stuart Dynasty
The Stuart Monarchy
James I
[r. 1603-1625]
Son of Mary Stuart,
Queen of Scots, who had
been beheaded by
Elizabeth 1st
His reign united England
and Scotland = Great
Britain
Charles I
[r. 1625-1649]
The Petition of Rights, 1628
“The Stuart Magna Carta”
The Beheading of Charles I, 1649
Oliver Cromwell
† Lord Protector
[1654-1658]
King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]

Had charm, poise, & political
skills.

Restored theaters and
reopened pubs and brothels
closed by Cromwell

Favored religious toleration.

Realized he could not repeat
mistakes of his father .
The Restoration

1673  Test Act
 excluded all but
Anglicans from gov’t
positions.


1679  Habeas Corpus
Act
Parliamentary Politics
 Tories: supporters of
Charles II
 Whigs: His Critics
James, Duke of York

Catholic

Married Anne Hyde

Haunted by his father’s death

Repeated mistakes of his father
King James II [r. 1685-1688]

Zealous Catholic Convert

Remarried to Marie Beatrice
of Modena, Catholic
Stuart Princesses: Heirs to
the Throne

Mary


Anne
Raised as Good Protestants
King James II [r. 1685-1688]

Suspended Test Act
Appointed Catholics

Arrested Anglican
Bishops Who Refused
to read Toleration
Proclamation

1688 – Marie Beatrice
gave birth to a son
“Warming Pan Baby”
William of Orange
 Mary Stuart married
William of Orange
 Anne wrote to Mary
telling her to claim
the throne
“Glorious” Revolution: 1688

Whig & Tory leaders offered throne jointly to Mary &
William of Orange.
 He was enemy of Louis XIV.
 He was champion of Protestant cause.
English Bill of Rights [1689]
 Settled power
struggle between King
& Parliament.
 Expanded civil
liberties in England.
English Bill of Rights [1689]
1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course
of justice.
3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in
peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
4. Freedom of speech in Parliament.
5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom
from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
7. The monarch must be a Protestant.
8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest, habeas corpus.
9. Censorship of press was dropped.
10. Religious toleration.
The Rest of the Story
• Anne became Queen
when William died in
1702
• Although she was
pregnant 17 times,
none of her children
will survive her.
• Died in 1714, bitter
but determined to
keep her brother
from the throne.
George I [1714-1727]
• Great Grandson to
James I
• House of Hanover
• “German George”
The Stuart Monarchy
The Pretenders
James Francis Edward
Their Efforts End at
Battle of Culloden, 1745
Bonnie Prince Charlie