Crash Course: Market Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNftCCwAol0&noredirect=1
Quiz -You may use your chapter 12 hmwk
1.
2.
3.
How did Southern leaders of the 1830s
differ from the Jeffersonian response to
slavery
What percentage of whites owned
slaves in 1830? 1860?
What was one consequence and one
benefit of being poor freemen (propertyless whites) in the South?
Quiz -You may use your chapter 12 hmwk
1.
Why did a domestic slave trade emerge
as a major money making enterprise
b/w 1800-1860?
2.
What was the gang labor system?
3.
What was one consequence and one
benefit of being poor freemen (propertyless whites) in the South?
Before Industrial Revolution

18th Century –old economy
 Built around exporting a small number of
staple goods
○ Only the wealthy purchased fabric, paint, glass
& other manufactures from England
 Other necessities produced in the home
(homespun cloth) or by local artisans
○ Cobblers, blacksmiths, coopers
Rise of the Market Economy (1790 – 1840)

Development of the factory system
 Factories gradually replace home industries

Continental expansion
 Treaty of Paris, 1783
 Louisiana Purchase, 1803
 Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

Expansion of commercial agriculture
 Crops produced for sale & export –cotton*

Effects
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Expansion of middle class
Higher standard of living
Exploitation of women, children & immigrants
Greater accumulation of wealth
Increasing urbanization
Attributes of the Market Revolution
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Prices set by competition, not the gov’t
New technology in communication & transportation
Organizational innovation
 Factories (organize the factors of production)
 Standardization of time
Gov’t support (early on)
 Infrastructure (canals, roads, railroads) often w/
monopolistic charter
 Judicial branch protects
○ Competition
 Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge, 1837
 Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
○ Limited liability
 National bank (modern banking system)
Factors that made the Industrial
Revolution possible?
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Gov’t protection of patent rights
Gov’t support of crucial infrastructure projects
Transportation revolution; steam powered ships, trains
Tariffs
Development of corporations w/limited liability
Improved educational system
Cheap labor -immigrants or people moving from farm to city
(young women, esp.)
Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 stimulated need for domestic
manufactures
Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts (efficiency)
Gov’t control of interstate commerce & gov’t protection of
contracts
Stable currency under the 2nd National Bank of the U.S.
Improved communication –invention of the telegraph
Warm Up

How does the diagram reflect the values
of the Second Great Awakening?
The Second Great Awakening
1790s – 1830s
 Protestant revival
movement
 Increased the number
of Baptists &
Methodists
 Believers thought a
new age of humanity
was beginning millennialism

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Revivals & camp
meeting were popular in
the west
 ‘Burned over’ district of
western NY
 Cane Ridge, KY
 TN, Southern OH,

Stimulated reform
movements
 The nation must be free
from the evils of society
before the Second Coming
of Jesus Christ

Most reform movements were
started by Congregationalists
 Expressed the values of white,
Protestant, middle class,
northeast urban culture
 Benevolent Empire
○ Worked to institutionalize charity &
battle social evils in a systematic
way

Major Reform Movements
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Abolition
Temperance
Women’s Rights*
Asylum(Hospital)
Prisons
Education
Cultural Conflicts

Immigration
 Between 1840 -1860 , millions settle permanently;
majority are:
○ Irish in the northeast, NY & Boston
○ Germans, Midwest states
 Most were Catholic
○ Growth of Catholic Churches
○ Acceptance of alcohol
○ Irish were typically illiterate; didn’t want to send children
to public schools
○ Church (Pope) was more important than American
political leaders
 Gives rise to Nativism
○ Mob violence of unemployed natives vs. Irish
○ Publication of anti-Catholic stories
○ Anti-immigration laws advocated
The Awful Disclosures
by Maria Monk:
A Narrative of Her Sufferings in the
Hotel Dieu Nunnery in Montreal
The Superior now informed me that having taken the
black veil, it only remained that I should swear the
three oaths customary on becoming a nun…I must
be informed that one of my great duties was to obey
the priests in all things; and this I soon learnt, to my
utter astonishment and horror, was to live in the
practice of criminal intercourse with them.
Complete with your team
Description of
Document
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Reform promotes
democratic Ideals
-Explain how
Reform limits
participation in
society –Explain
How
AP PARTS
Abolition in the early republic
Battle Hymn of the Republic
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpZ3jPMM5Ac&list=RD02GI2dX
Q3Eckg
Slavery was a political issue during the Revolutionary War
GB promised freedom to slave who fought for them
However, slaves did fight in local colonial militias to raise their
status
 Some states began to pass manumission laws
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 VA 1782
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Religious beliefs (Quaker & Methodist) & intellectual currents
advocated legal change
 1784 MA Supreme Court abolished slavery
 Other Northern states legalized gradual emancipation
South of Delaware, slavery was considered a property rights
issue & ‘a necessary evil’
 Most southern states will only allow emancipation by permission
of the legislature

Abolitionists

Early Efforts
 American Colonization Society (1816 – 1967)
○ Henry Clay, Robert Finley
 Founded Liberia on west coast of Africa, 1822 –few agreed to settle there (13,000
total)

3 pronged approach (1830 – 60’s)
 Appeal to religious believers & Testimonials
 Aid to fugitive slaves –Underground RR, Harriet Tubman
 Political campaign to Congress

William Lloyd Garrison
1831, The Liberator (newspaper)
 Immediate Abolition -Unpopular even in the North, mobbed in the streets of

Boston
 Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833
David Walker -1829-Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
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‘radicalized’ slaves called for violent revolt if necessary
Frederick Douglass
 Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass
 The North Star (newspaper)
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Sojourner Truth – ‘Ain’t I a Woman?’
Harriet Beecher Stowe –humanizing the slave in novel form
 1852, Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Slave Uprisings

Gabriel Prosser Rebellion -Richmond, VA 1800 Prosser & 30 slaves hung for planning rebellion
 Greater restrictions of free blacks
 prohibitions on gathering, education & travel on slaves

Denmark Vesey Rebellion -Charleston,SC 1822
 AME Zion church shut down for 2 years, b/c it was seen as the
origin of the conspiracy to rebel

Nat Turner’s Rebellion –killed 55 whites
 South Hampton County, VA 1830 -Blamed on abolitionist David
Walker’s “Appeal”
 White ministers were required by law to be present at black
religious services