Movements in Art History
9 Part Project
Styles, Artists, and History
REALISM & the Renaissance

WHEN?? The Renaissance was
between 1400 A.D. to 1600 A.D.

WHERE?? It began in Italy.

WHAT WAS IT?
Renaissance means “Rebirth”
Paint things as they appear in
life, realistically.
A more accurate representation
of the human body, and
mathematical perspective.

WHAT DID IT LOOK LIKE?
Photograph-like realism.

SUBJECT MATTER:
Christian themes, ancient
mythology, and nature
scenes.

WHO?? Artists included
Leonardo Da Vinci,
Michelangelo, Raphael,
and Donetello

The most praiseworthy
form of painting is the
one that most resembles
what it imitates.
-- Leonardo da Vinci
”The Mona Lisa”
Leonardo Da Vinci







"Leonardo, of Vinci“
Superb level of Realism
Both artist and scientist
Dissected human bodies for
his study of human body.
Most famous painting was
“The Mona Lisa,” 1505.
Famous for her mysterious
identity and smile
At the Louvre Museum in
Paris, France.
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
“The Creation of Adam”


On the ceiling of
the Sistine Chapel
in Rome, Italy
Michelangelo’s
painting illustrates
the Book of Genesis
from the Old
Testament Bible.

Worked alone

Painted lying on his
back on scaffolding.

Michelangelo took
over four years to
paint over 6000
square feet.
“The Creation of Adam”
By MICHELANGELO
REALISM

“The Last Supper”
by Leonardo Da Vinci
Impressionism



WHERE? Started in
France
WHEN? during the late
19th and early 20th
centuries.
WHAT WAS IT?
Catch the impression of
the moment.
Show the effects of light
on a subject (this was more
important than exact
depiction of form)
-Impressionism in painting
arose out of dissatisfaction
with the classical subjects
and precise techniques of
paintings.
Impression, Sunrise 1872 by
Claude Monet
"Impressionist“- A term applied
by a reporter who said that
Monet’s sketchy landscape
‘Sunrise’ reminded him of
wallpaper.

WHAT DID IT LOOK LIKE?
-Unmixed light colors
-Small quick brush strokes
-Scenes from Everyday Life

WHO WERE ARTISTS?
Monet, Degas, Renoir,
Seurat, Cassatt,…
Claude Monet




“The Rouen
Cathedral”
Monet often painted
the same subject over
and over again to
observe the changing
light.
He painted the
Rouen Cathedral
over 40 times.
The true subject is
LIGHT.
“The Rouen Cathedral”
by Claude Monet
“The Rouen Cathedral” by
Claude Monet
Claude Monet
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre Auguste Renoir

Modern people
enjoying their
leisure time in
outdoor or cultural
events.

Impressionist
aesthetic – Renoir
was interested in
the changing
moment.
Pierre Auguste Renoir
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas


Degas=Dancers
The female
ballet dancer
became his
favorite theme.
Edgar Degas

IMPRESSIONISM
Georges Seurat


Invented a technique known as
pointillism: painting with small dots of
color
“A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of
La Grande Jatte”
“A Sunday Afternoon…”
by Georges Seurat
Georges Seurat
IMPRESSIONISM
Mary Cassatt



American
Worked in Paris with
friend, Degas who
introduced her to the
Impressionists
Mother and Child
theme
Mary Cassatt
IMPRESSIONISM
Post Impressionism

Vincent Van Gogh








WHEN? 1880's to 1900
WHAT WAS IT? an extension of
Impressionism and a rejection of
that style's inherent limitations.
They wanted to add emotion and
symbolic meaning to their art.
WHAT DID IT LOOK LIKE? Similar
pure, brilliant colors and swift
brushstrokes of broken color like
Impressionism and the freedom
from traditional subject matter
But more expressive.
Artworks often contain bold,
unrealistic colors and expressive
brushstrokes.
WHO? Vincent Van Gogh




Vincent Van Gogh
Dutch (born in Netherlands)
-At age 27 became an artist
Van Gogh’s artistic career lasted
only 10 years
Made about 750 paintings and
1600 drawings.
Sold only one painting during his
lifetime. The Red Vineyard.
Vincent Van Gogh





Suffered bouts of
insanity
-Cut off his own ear.
He committed himself
to an asylum, a mental
institution.
During his stay he
painted Starry Night
-Close relationship to
brother, Theo.
Hundreds of letters to
Théo are a record of
Van Gogh’s life.

Starry Night / 1889

-Emotional spontaneity in
painting

-Huge influence on
Expressionism

At the age of 37, he died
from a self-inflicted
gunshot wound in 1890.
“Starry Night”
by VINCENT VAN GOGH
Vincent Van Gogh
POST IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh
POST IMPRESSIONISM
Expressionism
(in Norway)



WHERE? Norway
WHEN? 1890s
WHO?
Edvard Munch

WHAT: themes as
misery, sickness,
insanity, women,
and death
 “Leonardo
dissected the
body; I
dissect the
soul.”
Edvard Munch

“The Scream” is an example
of Munch's "soul paintings."

Expresses conflict:
lines,
colors,
facial expression

“The Scream”

1893

“Could only have been
painted by a madman.”
“The Scream”
by EDVARD
MUNCH
Edvard Munch


Painting focuses on the
changing nature of

woman as she matures
from innocence into full  “The Dance of Life” 1900
sexuality, and then to
old age
 an innocent woman, virginal
in white,
Munch developed
these great themes of  mature, sober figure in black
Angst, Love, Sex and
Death
“The Dance of Life” by
EDVARD MUNCH
Edvard Munch
Edvard Munch
EXPRESSIONISM
German Expressionism
WHERE? Germany
WHEN? Began in WWI into WWII,
1910 to 1940's
WHAT WAS IT?
-Purpose to express the inner state
of the artist (which the Nazi
gov’t could not tolerate).
-Hitler applied to the Bauhaus art
school and was rejected.
-In 1933 the Bauhaus school was
closed by the Nazi gov’t.
-Expressionist art was attacked
and artists’ work was
confiscated and art schools
were closed.
-Hitler's art preference was the
realism and conventional
forms, subjects like heroic
soldiers
Adolph Hitler, outraged by antiGerman Expressionists
embarked upon his own
crusade to rid Germany of all
the "degenerate" art within his
Reich.
-Hitler opened a dual exhibition
One exhibit of Nazi approved
art called the Great German
Art and another exhibition of
“Degenerate” Art
-Over three million visitors
made it the largest attended
exhibition.
German Expressionism
WHAT DID IT LOOK LIKE?
-Inspired by emotional works of
Vincent Van Gogh and
Edvard Munch
-Distorted forms violent colors
and exaggerated lines
-Depiction of the artist's mental
state of being and intense
emotional expression.
-Call upon personal
experiences to illustrate the
negative aspects of
German life and war.
WHO? Franz Marc, Georges Roualt
Franz Marc

Specializes in
Animals.


Art career was
cut shortKilled in war.
I am trying to intensify my
feeling for the organic
rhythm of all things, to
achieve empathy with the
throbbing and flowing of
nature's bloodstream in
trees, in animals, in the air.

- Franz Marc
Franz Marc
EXPRESSIONISM
Georges Rouault


Georges Rouault
began his artistic
career as an
apprentice to a stained
glass designer.
His themes were of
religious subjects


Hard, thick
brushstrokes and dark
outlines that
resembled stained
glass.
Violent colors
Georges Rouault
EXPRESSIONISM
PABLO PICASSO




Spainish painter and
sculptor
Considered the greatest
artist of the 20th century
By the age of 15 he was
already technically skilled
in drawing and painting.
Every child is an artist. The
problem is how to remain
an artist once he grows up.
Pablo Picasso
There are painters who
transform the sun to a
yellow spot, but there are
others who with the help of
their art and their
intelligence, transform a
yellow spot into the sun.

Pablo Picasso
EARLY WORKS of PICASSO
Picasso’s
Blue and Rose Periods




Blue Period (1901-04)
Triggered by a close
friend's suicide.
Expressing human
misery, sadness and
alienation.
Various shades of blue
dominated his work.




Rose Period (1904-05)
Paintings took on a
warmer more
optimistic mood. He
changed his palette to
pinks and reds.
He is believed to have
fallen in love at this
time.
Subjects were drawn
from the circus.
Picasso- BLUE PERIOD
ROSE PERIOD -Picasso
Analytic Cubism
Picasso




Monochromatic
earth tones
Fragmented,
broken window
appearance
Sought to totally
flatten space
Systematic study of
structure

Represent an
object as if it’s
viewed from
several angles or at
different moments
in time.
ANALYTIC CUBISM -Picasso
Synthetic Cubism
Picasso

“Guernica” mural

Portrayal of the horrors of war.
Bombing of the town of Guernica
during the Spanish civil war.
Monochromatic palette in an
attempt to suggest the bleakness
of the tragedy.
Symbolic depiction -the bull, the
dying horse, a fallen warrior, a
mother and dead child, a woman
trapped in a burning building,
another rushing into the scene,
and a figure leaning from a
window and holding out a lamp.





Flat, bright decorative
patterns
Childlike, not many
details
Abstract
Show front and
side view


“Guernica”
SYNTHETIC CUBISM
Picasso
Pablo Picasso
SYNTHETIC CUBISM
Pablo Picasso






Georgia O'Keeffe was
born in Wisconsin.
Enlarged subjects
Painter of FLOWERS,
landscapes, and
bones
Female sexuality
Abstract and the
representational.


Went to New Mexico and
painted landscapes and
cow skulls and bones.
She was considered the
premier female artist of
the 20th century, a title
she considered sexist.
Georgia O’Keeffe
ABSTRACT ART
Georgia O’Keeffe
ABSTRACT ART
Georgia O’Keeffe
ABSTRACT ART
Surrealism


Expression of the
unconscious
“Surreal” means “beyond
reality".

SALVADOR DALI

Spanish painter, writer, and
member of the surrealist
movement.
Bizarre, dreamlike images,
wild and hallucinatory states.
Realistic detail influenced by
the Renaissance masters.
Eye-fooling; dual images
Melting things with crutches
Ants represent decay






Dream imagery and
everyday objects in
unexpected forms, such as
the famous limp watches in
The Persistence
of Memory.


Here time must lose all
meaning.
This painting is a symbol of
the Surrealist movement.
Salvador Dali
“The Persistence of Memory”
Salvador Dali SURREALISM
Salvador Dali SURREALISM
Salvador Dali SURREALISM
Salvador Dali
SURREALISM
Surrealism
Frida Kahlo





Born: 6 July 1907 In
Mexico City, Mexico
Serious bus accident
She began painting
shortly after the accident
because she was bored
in bed. This became her
lifelong profession.
Married Mexican Muralist,
Diego Rivera
Had miscarriages, and
she was never to have
children.



Frida and Diego both had
affairs.
Had tremendous pain and
fatigue all throughout her
life
Her last words in her
diary read "I hope the
leaving is joyful and I
hope never to return".
Frida Kahlo






Best Known As: Mexico's most
famous woman artist
Frida used her life as the theme
for her self-portraits.
serious bus accident
Painting thus became the
medicine for her physical and
emotional pain.
Painted symbolically to express
and understand the tragedy of
her life.
"I suffered two grave accidents
in my life. One in which a
streetcar knocked me
down.....The other accident is
Diego."



She painted her anger and hurt
over her stormy marriage, the
painful miscarriages, and the
physical suffering she
underwent because of the
accident.
Labeled Surrealist. Her
paintings freed the
unconscious from repression,
dreams, desires and thoughts.
'They thought I was a
Surrealist,' she said, 'but I
wasn't. I never painted dreams.
I painted my own reality.'
Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo
POP ART



1950's to 1960's
Origins in England in
the 1950s and made
its way to the United
States during the
1960s.
Images of the popular
culture such as
billboards, comic
strips, magazine
advertisements,
celebrity photographs,
and supermarket
products.





Bring art closer to real life.
Put popular culture into
their art in the same way
popular culture flooded into
people's subconscious.
Pop artists wanted to bring
art back to the people and
to make it more meaningful
to everyday folks.
Critics saw Pop art as
vulgar, sensational and
without merit.
Supporters liked it because
they felt it was an art
everybody could
understand.
ANDY WARHOL




Soup cans and movie
stars
Favorite printmaking
technique was silkscreen
He was shot and nearly
died.
20 years later, he died
from complications after
a gall bladder operation.

“In the future everyone
will be famous for
fifteen minutes.”

Best Known As: The
Campbell's Soup can
artist
Andy Warhol POP ART
Andy Warhol POP ART
Roy Lichtenstein




Characters from
comic-strips
Ben-Day dots, lettering
and speech balloons
Comic book artists
didn’t like that he
copied their work.
He wanted his works
of art look machine
made.


Master of the
stereotype.
Characterized as
ironic, humorous and
witty.
Roy Lichtenstein POP ART
Keith Haring






Born in Pennsylvania
Cheerful, bold Lines,
cartoon-like figures, lines of
movement
Vibrant, intense colors.
Hearts, babies,
dogs,…simple characters.
Found his ‘canvases’ on the
streets, subways
Trademark “Radiant Baby”




Concepts of birth,
death, love, sex, war,
drugs...
Social messages like
“Crack is Whack”
Devoted his career to
creating a truly
public art.
Died of AIDS in 1990
at the age of 32.
Keith Haring POP ART
Keith Haring POP ART

Radiant Baby