Chemistry Standard 1b-d, Day 9
PERIODIC FAMILIES
GROUPS

Using the PT I gave you color code and label the
groups AKA families, valence electrons, and
charges.
ALKALI METALS
1 valence electron.
 Most reactive metals
and are always
combined with another
element.
 ion/oxidation= +1

ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Second most reactive metals and are always
combined with another element
 2 valence electrons.
 Ion/oxidation= +2

TRANSITION METALS
Not very reactive
 Valence varies
 All metals will give away electrons (positive
charge)
 oxidation numbers vary
 Form metallic bonds

BORON FAMILY
3 valence electrons
 Ion/oxidation= +3

CFU: PAIR SHARE
Which family is the most reactive of all metals?
 How many valence electrons will Alkaline have?
 What charge will all metals have?

CARBON FAMILY



4 valence electrons.
Ion/oxidation= +4
The element carbon is
called the “basis of life.”
There is an entire branch of
chemistry devoted to carbon
compounds called organic
chemistry.
CST QUESTION
NITROGEN FAMILY
5 valence electrons.
 Ion/oxidation= -3
 The nitrogen element is necessary to form
proteins. Proteins are macromolecules that
express heredity

OXYGEN FAMILY
6 valence electrons.
 Ion/Oxidation= -2
 Oxygen is the most
abundant element in
the atmosphere
 Needed for cellular
respiration which
maintains life

CFU
What is the ion charge for the nitrogen family?
 What family does the calcium atom belong to?
 How many valence electrons will aluminum
have?

HALOGEN FAMILY




7 valence electrons
Ion/oxidation= -1
Most active non-metals
Always combine with other
elements
Halogen atoms only need to
gain 1 electron to fill their
outermost energy level.
They react with alkali metals
to form salts.
NOBLE GASES
8 valence electrons (He 2
valence)
 Extremely un-reactive.
 They are inactive because their
outermost energy level is full.
 AKA inert gases because they
don’t react

RARE EARTH ELEMENTS


lanthanide and actinide
series.
Most of the elements in
the actinide series are
called trans-uranium,
which means synthetic or
man-made.
CST Release Questions
8. Iodine would have chemical properties most
like
 A manganese (Mn).
 B tellurium (Te).
 C chlorine (Cl).
 D xenon (Xe).
5. The chart above shows the relationship between
the first ionization energy and the increase in
atomic number. The letter on the chart for the
alkali family of elements is
 A W.
 B X.
 C Y.
 D Z.
10. Which of the following ordered pairs of
elements shows an increase in atomic number
but a decrease in average atomic mass?
 A Ag to Pd
 B Co to Ni
 C Ge to Sn
 D Cr to Mo