Body Composition
Chapter 9
Do Now- Intro to Body Comp.
• Tell me anything that comes to mind when
you Hear the words Body Composition.
• If you wanted to lower your Body
Composition tell me one thing you could
change about your diet today and stick with.
Somatotype
• Your body type
• 3 different Somatotypes
– Ectomorph
– Endomorph
– Mesomorph
Ectomorph
• A lean, slender body type
• Gaining weight is a little more
difficult
Mesomorph
• A muscular
somatotype
Endomorph
• Rounder heavier
somatotype
• Staying lean can prove
to be harder with this
body type
Lean Body Mass v.s. Body Fat
• Lean body
mass
– Muscle
tissue
– Bones,
ligaments,
tendons
• Body fat
– Results
from stored
calories that
have not
been
burned up.
Methods of Measuring Body Fat
•
•
•
•
Underwater Weighing
Electrical Impedence
Skin fold Measurement
BMI (Body Mass Index)
Underwater Weighting
• Most
accurate
• Most
Expensive
– Pool
– Scale
– Trained
individuals
Electrical Impedance
• How electricity
travels though
a given material
• Every tissue has
different
electrical
impedance
determined by its
molecular
composition
Skinfold Measurement
• Uses a
skinfold
caliper to
measure a
fold of skin
and its
underlying
layer of fat at
key locations
of the body
Usually taken from 3-9 anatomical spots
Iliac crest (pictured above)
Triceps
Biceps
Suprascapular (spinal area)/
Abdominal
Front thigh
Medical Calf
Chest (near armpit)
BMI
• Stands for Body mass
index
• BMI = 703 x Weight
___________
Height (in) X Height (in)
Ideal Body Weight
Males- age up to 30
9%- 15%
Females- age up to 30
14%- 21%
Anorexia
Characterized by the refusal to
maintain a minimally accepted
body weight, intense fear of weight
gain, and a distorted body image
Comes from inadequate calorie
intake or excessive energy
expenditure
Anorexics may even use laxatives,
enemas, and/or other diuretics (like
water pills) to help lose weight
Risk factors
Absence of menstruation
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Low blood pressure
Depression
Thinning hair
Damage to vital organs
Death from starvation
Anorexia
Begin at older ages
Had a history of obesity or
overweight
Dennis Quaid, Elton John,
Billy Bob Thornton
Bulimia
Characterized by binge eating
followed by purging
Purging usually follows feelings of GUILT
Risk Factors
Both mental and
physical issues
must be dealt with.
Treatment is
available through
either a hospital
stay, or outpatient
procedures
Steroids
Used to
increase
muscle size
and
strength
Designer Steroids
An anabolic (muscle
building) drug that
has been structurally
manipulated to mimic
the muscle building
effects of
testosterone, while
sidestepping a
positive steroid test
result
Major side affects
For both sexes
High blood pressure and heart disease
Liver damage and cancers
Stroke and blood clots
Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea
Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps
Nausea and vomiting
Sleep problems
Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries
Severe acne, especially on face and back
Baldness
A special danger to adolescents
High school and middle school students and
athletes need to be aware of the effect steroids
have on growth. Anabolic steroids, even in small
doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon.
Adolescents also may be at risk for becoming
dependent on steroids. Adolescents who use
steroids are also more likely to use other addictive
drugs and alcohol
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/602876/tlcs_worlds_strongest_boy/
Male Side Effects
One of the more disturbing effects of steroid use for
males is that the body begins to produce less of its
own testosterone causing the following effects:
Reduced sperm count
Impotence
Increase in nipple
and breast size
Enlarged prostate
Shrinking of the testicles
Infertility
Female Side Effects
Since steroids act as a male
hormone, females may experience
the following side effects:
Reduced breast size
Increase in facial and body hair
Deepened voice
Menstrual problems
Male patterned baldness
Emotional effects
“Roid rage”
Severe mood swings
Hallucinations
Paranoia
Anxiety and panic attacks
Depression and thoughts of suicide