Society for Community Organization and Peoples Education
Trichy
A solution for
Sustainable Sanitation in all kinds of
geographical areas
Ecosan aims at
A holistic approach
Sanitation needs holistic sustainable Ecosystem approach.
It involves several cycles to ensure public health.
Human excreta & wash water are not a waste.
They are resources to be reused for improving agricultural
production and prevent contamination of the environment.
ECOSAN approach aims at sanitizing the products and not
transfer problems from one cycle to another cycle.
Present sanitation options:
Open defecation
Pit latrines
Septic tank toilets
Under ground sewage system
Acceptance through IEC :
• Make the people aware of the
problems of the above systems.
• Understand the negative aspects of
mixing of fecal and urine together
•Understand the water shortage and demand in future
Solution to any problem (open defecation)
should not lead to new problem (conventional toilets)
Positive aspects of ECOSAN
• Usage of water is only for body
cleaning (2 to 3 liters instead of
0 to 12 liters.
• Pollution less (No
contamination in soil, air,
water)
• Collecting the urine Separately
people will come to know the
value of urine which is
reusable, no harm and can be
used for agricultural purposes
instead of chemical fertilizer
which is very expensive
Research results
• Using urine as fertilizer in
paddy and banana fields
at Musiri the research
results encouraging the
farmers as well as the
researchers in the field of
Agricultural and officials
who involved in Water
and Sanitation.
“Use toilet and get money”
First time in the country at Musiri in Tamilnadu
• The implementation of “use toilet
and get money” instead of pay and
use has a tremendous response
from the public.
• The number of users is increased
every day.
• The MSTP received more than 300
application for construction of
Ecosan toilets.
• People who are having Ecosan
toilets started collecting the urine in
the Jerry cans, instead of letting out
in to the mud pot.
• They are using the collected urine
for near by kitchen garden.
• The government also diverted their
attention in this ECOSAN field and
prepared to give subsidy for this
kind of sanitation
MSTP – ECCT
•
Open defecation by the residents is
minimized near cauvery river area due
to this Ecosan toilets
•
The ECCT saves the town panchayat by
way of O 7 M cost Rs. 50,000/ per year.
•
The number of users has increased by
100 to 300 per day.
•
The enquiries about paying money for
the users have come from all over the
world.
•
There was a wide coverage of the new
scheme in international and national
Television network and broadcasting
•
Print media representatives wandering
a the new scheme, the first time in the
world flocked to Musiri to know more
about the Ecosan
•
About 300 liters urine is collected every
week and used for farming and
research.
Attracted many visitors
•
The wide spread response to
this new scheme has resulted
an increase in the number of
visitors from various states in
India and foreign countries.
•
Senior government officials and
sanitation experts are visiting
the ECCT.
•
Increased number of visitors
has created a sense of pride
and achievement among the
MSTP who are in charge of
maintenance of the toilet.
•
They pay greater attention for
the proper up keep of the toilet.
Mr. Somanathan Secretary
to CM, Tamilnadu
visited ECCT on 23rd October 2008
Geographic areas fit for Ecosan
• ECOSAN toilets fit for
• flood pruned areas,
• high water table areas,
• coastal areas,
• hilly rocky water scarce
and sandy areas.
Quality of construction and usage practices
•
•
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•
Well trained masons to be involved in the
construction
Usage practices to be taught to the users
of the toilet
Monitoring to be their at least 18 to 20
months after the construction that means a
staff to be involved at regular intervals visit
the families enquire about the usage
problems they come across, availability of
ash, closing of the first chamber when it is
filled up, commencement of use of second
chamber, opening of the first chamber for
removal of the compost.
use of compost for farming, testing of the
compost for finding out its nutritional
efficiency, quality analysis of the farm
produce, closure of the first chamber with
detachable block etc.
Importantly the children to be put into the
practice of usage
Problems faced by SCOPE
• It was very difficult to change the
mind set of those who were in a
practice of flush and forget .
• At the initial stages dearth of trained
masons for ECOSAN toilet
construction
• Cost wise ECOSAN is little bit higher
than pit latrines.
• After the study of the problem faced
in some toilets we have changed the
Design.
• To prevent the water entering in to
the chamber (avoid bad smell and
better quality of composting) the
collection of urine and wash water
goes through pipes above the
squatting slab.
Construction of
different models
of toilets
• Using Ferro Cement which will cost Rs.6,000/• Using Hollow Blocks : Rs. 8500 to 10,000 (different areas)
• Using locally available materials for the construction like
thatches, bamboos, gunny bags etc.
• Note : The roof of the ECOSAN toilet should be water proof
(Rain)
Achievement of SCOPE in the field of ECOSAN
•
In Musiri so far 1000 ECOSAN toilets
constructed (Seventhilingapuram 100% toilet
coverage)
•
•
So far 200 compost chambers opened.
3 ECOSAN Community Compost Toilet (ECCT)
constructed
•
1 school UDT (Urine Diversion Toilet) is under
construction
•
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•
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4 School UDT toilets have been constructed in
Krishnagiri
So far given masonry training for construction
of Ecosan toilets in Eight states
Two paddy research completed (using urine as
a liquid fertilizer) and the result received from
TNAU is encouraging – supported by WASTE
Netherlands.
Banana research completed by NRCB and the
results are expected – supported by UNICEFSEI.
Research on short term crops is going on –
supported DDWS, New Delhi
Collection of urine from
ECCT for research purpose
• The urine filtered
through a sand and
charcoal filters
collected in a tank.
• Then urine pumped in
to another tank and
carried through a
tricycle to the research
field.
Research is going on to convert the urine as a
STRUVITE (crystal formation)
to avoid overcome the
transportaion problems of Urine.
Policies needed to tap in to this potential
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Incorporating in to the government programmes
ECOSAN can be a part of TSC or a separate campaign
Subsidy to be enhanced
Ecosan should not be seen as only a toilet promotion
It is involved in many aspects of water saving, pollution control, food
security, health and agricultural improvement.
Human urine contains NPK…
• Human urine contains …
• 4.6g N,
• 0.6g P2O5 and
• 2.2g K2O per litre.
•It is calculated that the urine generated in 1.5 months
from rural areas may be sufficient for supplementing
•100% of N and P2O5 requirement and
•25% of K2O requirement of total banana cultivation in
India.
•Thus, Rs. 445 crore worth of fertilizer may be saved.
ECOSAN COMPOST TOILET
CONSTRUCTION COST Rs. 10,000/=
No. of members in a family - 6
Usage period of Toilet - 20 years
EXPENSES
Usage of Water @ 3 litres per person
3 x 6 x 365 x 20 years = 1,31,400 @ Rs. 0.10/=
INCOME
Urine Collection
800 ml x 6 x 365 x 20 years - 35040 liters
13,140.00 x Rs. 0.20/=
Usage of Ash @ 150 gm per person
150 x 6 x 365 x 20 years = 6570 kg @ Rs. 0.75/=
Repairing works - 2 time once in a 21/2 years
Rs. 50 x 16
TOTAL
7,008.00
Compost
4,928.00
500 Kg x 16 time - 8000 kg x Rs. 1.50/=
12,000.00
800.00
18,868.00
TOTAL
19,008.00
Kitchen Garden (Banana, Greens,
Vegetables)
Rs. 100/= per month x 12 x 20 years
24,000.00
Compost
500 Kg x 16 time - 8000 kg x Rs. 1.50/=
12,000.00
TOTAL
36,000.00
20
Start with school children
They will grasp easily,
Try to put into practice what they learn.
Propagate the messages of importance of sustainable
sanitation through child to child, child to family and child to
community especially from the schools.