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The practices of valorizing local epistemologies & disavowing the state is
necessary for the proliferation of global capital
Schueller 9 – Prof. of English @ University of Florida
Locating Race: Global Sites of Post-Colonial Citizenship, Malini Johar Schueller, January 2009,
pages 57-60.
Third, because globalization theories have stressed the decentered flow of capital and cultural
goods
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local knowledge?" and "To what ends?" continue to be asked.
Your ballot has to center around class politics---capitalism is the root cause of
racialized oppression and makes mass violence and extermination inevitable
Peter Mclaren 4, Education and Urban Schooling Division prof, UCLA—and Valerie
Scatamburlo-D'Annibale; University of Windsor, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 36, No.
2, 2004, www.freireproject.org/articles/node%2065/RCGS/class_dismissed-val-peter.10.pdf
For example, E. San Juan (2003) argues that race relations and
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, most importantly, politically in light of the challenges that confront us.¶
Our alternative is recommitment to class struggle grounded in socialist
humanism---pedagogical recommitment to Marxist struggle is key
Peter Mclaren 4, Education and Urban Schooling Division prof, UCLA—and Valerie
Scatamburlo-D'Annibale; University of Windsor, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 36, No.
2, 2004, www.freireproject.org/articles/node%2065/RCGS/class_dismissed-val-peter.10.pdf
These are the concrete realities of our time—realities that require a vigorous class
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memories. Its potential remains untapped and its promise needs to be redeemed.
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Interpretation and violation---the affirmative should defend the desirability of
topical government action
“Resolved” implies a policy or legislative decision
Parcher 1 Jeff Parcher, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001
http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage Dictionary:
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or 'no' - which, of course, are answers to a question.
Most predictable—the agent and verb indicate a debate about hypothetical
government action
Jon M Ericson 3, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al.,
The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
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compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
“Should” is obligatory
Judge Henry Nieto 9, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311
(Colo. Ct. App. 2009)
"Should" is "used . . . to express duty, obligation,
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be allocated for the purpose of parents' federal tax exemption to be mandatory).
Legalize means to make lawful by judicial or legislative sanction
Business Dictionary No Date, "legalize",
www.businessdictionary.com/definition/legalize.html
legalize¶ Definition¶ To make enforceable, justifiable, or lawful by judicial or legislative
sanction.
Organ sales means a financial incentive in exchange for an organ
CIROD 6, Committee on Increasing Rates of Organ Donation, edited by James F. Childress, John
Allen
Hollingsworth Professor of Ethics and Professor of Medical Education at the University of
Virginia, Director of the Institute for Practical Ethics & Public Life at the University of Virginia,
PhD from Yale, and Catharyn T. Liverman, Organ Donation: Opportunities for Action, p 10-11,
The committee was asked to examine the use of financial and nonfinancial incentives to
increase
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could take the form of community recognition or preferential access to donated organs.
Prefer our interpretation
A general subject isn’t enough---debate requires a specific point of difference in
order to promote effective exchange
Steinberg and Freeley 13, * David, Lecturer in Communication studies and rhetoric. Advisor
to Miami Urban Debate League. Director of Debate at U Miami, Former President of CEDA. And
** Austin, attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, JD, Suffolk
University, Argumentation and Debate, Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, 121-4
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a controversy,
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particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.
Preparation and clash---changing the topic post facto manipulates balance of
prep, which structurally favors the aff because they speak last and permute
alternatives---strategic fairness is key to engaging a well-prepared opponent
Topical fairness requirements are key to meaningful dialogue---monopolizing
strategy and prep makes the discussion one-sided and subverts any meaningful
neg role
Ryan Galloway 7, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28,
2007
Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively
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substitutes for topical action do not accrue the dialogical benefits of topical advocacy.
Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems
Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the
21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311
The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and
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with the existential challenges to democracy [in an] increasingly complex world.
Only we access offense---arguments like framework don’t injure people, but
policies do---avoiding democratic engagement means the aff can never actually
transform the institutions that produce exclusion in the first place---rejecting
institutional engagement turns debate into a palliative where they escaped
lived realities instead of producing political habits necessary to actualize
democratic politics
Amanda Anderson 6, Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Humanities and English at Brown
University, Spring 2006, “Reply to My Critic(s),” Criticism, Vol. 48, No. 2, p. 281-290
Probyns piece is a mixture of affective fallacy, argument by authority, and bald
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and public debate has a vital role to play in such a task.
3
A. Interpretation: “sale of human organs” requires kidneys, liver, heart, lungs,
pancreas, bone marrow, cornea, eyes, bone, skin and subparts of human
organs—renewable tissues are explicitly NOT organs
Korobkin 7 [Russell, Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law; Faculty Fellow, UCLA Center for
Society and Genetics; Faculty Associate, UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, “Buying and
Selling Human Tissues and “No Compensation” or ‘Pro Compensation’: Moore V. Regents and
Default Rules for Human Tissue Donations,” University of Michigan Law School, Arizona Law
Review, vol 49] CPO
The primary federal law relating to the purchase or sale of human tissues is the
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sell covered organs for research purposes without running afoul of the statute.14
B. Violation: Organ sales don’t include body products – body products are
things like sperm and hair
Wilkinson 12 [Stephen, Professor, Professor of Bioethics at Lancaster University, “The Sale of
Human Organs,” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2012,
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/organs-sale/#DifKinOrgSalSys] CPO
The expression ‘organ sale’ covers a wide range of different practices. People most
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concerns about (for example) exploitation and consent arise in both cases.
Case
University students engaging in macro-political discussions are preventing the
Right’s ascendancy—The AFF’s retreat from policy implementation chokes off
effective solutions ensuring their advocacy is anti-political
Gitlin 5 (Todd formerly served as professor of sociology and director of the mass
communications program at the University of California, Berkeley, and then a professor of
culture, journalism and sociology at New York University. He is now a professor of journalism
and sociology and chair of the Ph.D. program in Communications at Columbia University. He was
a long-time political activist( from the Left). From the Book: The Intellectuals and the Flag – 200
– available via CIAO Books – date accessed 9/25/10 –
http://www.ciaonet.org.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/book/git01/git01_04.pdf)
Weak thinking on the American left is especially glaring after September 11, 2001,
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useless. It amounts to secession from the world where most people live.
The AFF’s approach to whiteness as a monolithic root cause is anti-political—It
cedes politics to the right preventing debate over effective solutions
Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of
Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black
Solidarity
Others might challenge the distinction between ideological and structural causes of black
disadvantage, on
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developments (such as immigration policy or reduced federal funding for higher education).
Anti-politics causes extinction, turns the case, and destroys solvency
Boggs 97 (CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles
-- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)
The false sense of empowerment that comes with such mesmerizing impulses is accompanied
by a
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universal, collec- tive interests that had vanished from civil society.75
Only State-based, macro-political approaches solve—The AFF is comparatively
worse
Bronner 4 Stephen Eric Bronner, Distinguished Professor of Political Science and a Member of
the Graduate Faculty in Comparative Literature and German Studies at Rutgers University, 2004
(Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement, Published by Columbia
University Press, ISBN 9780231126090, p. 151-153)
Enlightenment thinkers wished neither to abolish the state nor to bring about some utopian
alternative
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alienation has been abolished and a world of direct democracy has been achieved.
State interference in our lives is inevitable---voting AFF does not eliminate the
oppressive aspects of the law
Weissberg 81 Robert Weissberg, political science at University of Illinois, 1981 (Understanding
American Government, p. 4-5)
This book takes a different approach. We reject the belief that the major purpose
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-per-hour bumper-to-bumper rush-hour traffic.
Fast, technical debate is good—the alternative is getting spread out by realworld fine print and replacing detailed knowledge with “accessible” sound-bites
Lerner 12 – poet, novelist, essayist, and critic, winner of the Hayden Carruth prize (October,
Ben, Harpers, “Contest of Words: High school debate and the demise of public speech”,
http://harpers.org/archive/2012/10/contest-ofwords/?single=1&src=longreads&utm_source=buffer&buffer_share=b1dd3)
I’m not interested here in attempting to present these various activities in their considerable
internal
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politicians speak very, very slowly about values utterly disconnected from their policies.
Preventing death is the first ethical priority – it’s the only impact
you can’t recover from.
Bauman, University of Leeds Professor Emeritus of Sociology, 95
(Zygmunt, “Life in Fragments: Essays in Postmodern Morality,” p66-71)
The being-for is like living towards-the-future: a being
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acting morally, and sometimes even of being good, in the present.
Anti-blackness isn’t inherent or ontological—it’s historically
contingent and hence able to change
Hudson, professor of political studies – University of the Witwatersrand, ‘13
(Peter, “The state and the colonial unconscious,” Social Dynamics: A journal of African studies
Vol. 39, Issue 2, p. 263-277)
Thus the self-same/other distinction is necessary for the possibility of identity
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, as distinct from “subject” position based on a determinate identity.
Fast debate is beautiful too
Lerner 2012 – poet, novelist, essayist, and critic, winner of the Hayden Carruth prize (October,
Ben, Harpers, “Contest of Words: High school debate and the demise of public speech”,
http://harpers.org/archive/2012/10/contest-ofwords/?single=1&src=longreads&utm_source=buffer&buffer_share=b1dd3)
If I have recognized the spread in drug warnings and financial doublespeak, where the
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, amid a general sense of doom, that other worlds were possible.
Optimism and solidarity are our only hope---their strategy of
negativity accepts the foundational premises of racism as its
starting point for politics
bell hooks 96, Killing Rage: Ending Racism, Google Books, 269-272
269More than ever before in our history, black Americans are succumbing to and internalizing
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tance will emerge everywhere. That is where we must go from here.