II. Skeleton-consists of bones and other connective tissue structures (cartilage, ligaments, and joints)
Shoulder
Elbow
Carpus
Metacarpus
Shoulder
Elbow
Hip
Stifle
Tarsus(hock)
Metatarsus
Hip
Stifle
Tarsus(hock)
Carpus(Knee)
Metacarpus
Metatarsus
BONES OF THE PELVIC LIMB
• The pelvic girdle, or pelvis, of the dog consists:
• Two hip bones (Os Coxae):
– Each hip bone is formed by the fusion three primary bones and
the addition of a fourth in early life
– Ilium, which articulates with the sacrum.
– Ischium is the most caudal
– Pubis is located ventromedial to the Ilium and cranial to the
large Obturator foramen.
- The small acetabular bone, which helps form the acetabulum,
is incorporated with the Ilium, Ischium, and pubis when they
fuse (about the third month).
Os Coxae
1- The Ilium
It can be divided into:
wing
body
The tuber Coxae
The tuber Sacrale,
The external or gluteal surface
The internal or sacropelvic surface
• 2- Ischium
–
–
–
–
tuberosity
body
table
ramus.
• 3- The pubis
– body
– two rami.
the acetabular
The acetabulum
• a cavity that receives the head of the femur.
• Its articular surface is semilunar and is composed of
parts of the Ilium, Ischium, and pubis and the
acetabular bone in young animals.
• The circumference of the articular surface is broken
at the caudomedial part by the acetabular notch.
the acetabular
The pelvic canal
• short ventrally but long dorsally Its lateral wall is
composed of the Ilium, Ischium, and pubis.
• The pelvic inlet is limited laterally and ventrally by
the Arcuate line.
– Its dorsal boundary is the promontory of the sacrum.
• The pelvic outlet is bounded ventrally by the Ischiatic
arch
• Mid-dorsally by the first caudal vertebra, and laterally
by the superficial gluteal muscle and the
sacrotuberous ligament.
• The femur:
• is a typical long bone with a cylindrical body and
two expanded extremities.
• Tibia
• Fibula
Tarsal Bones
• The tarsus between the metatarsals and the leg, is
composed of seven tarsal bones
the hock
• The bones are arranged in three irregular rows.
• The proximal row is composed of a long, laterally
located calcaneus and a shorter, medially located
talus.
• Distal Raw: 1st , 2nd , 3rd and 4th tarsal
• Central tarsal bone
Metatarsal Bones
• The metatarsal bones resemble the metacarpal bones
except for the first, which may be divided,
rudimentary, or absent.
Phalanges
Those of the hind paw, or pes, are similar to those of the
forepaw, or manus.
The first digit, or hallux, is frequently absent.
When present, it is called a dew claw and may vary from
*- a fully developed digit articulating with a normal
first metatarsal bone
*- to a vestigial structure composed only of a
terminal phalanx.