LAB 1:
different
TYPES OF
ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of
rocks are
there?
IGNEOUS ROCKS
• IGNEOUS ROCKS are formed
from cooled magma or lava
• We use COLOR & TEXTURE
to classify the rocks
COLOR
• The COLOR of a rock
depends on the rock’s mineral
content
• The type of mineral the rock is
made up of determines how it
is classified
LIGHT ROCKS
• The rock may look light or dark
• Has “light” minerals
LIGHT MINERALS:
QUARTZ
ORTHOCLASE FELDSPAR
DARK ROCKS
• The rock may look light or dark
• Has “dark” minerals
DARK MINERALS:
AUGITE
OLIVINE
TEXTURE
• A rock’s TEXTURE is
determined by the size of the
mineral crystals within the rock
• Igneous Rocks have 3 basic
textures
COARSE-GRAINED
• Has crystals large enough to be seen
with the naked eye
FINE-GRAINED
• Has crystals that are too small to see
with the naked eye
GLASSY
• Crystals are NOT visible.
• Glassy rocks can be smooth or full of
bubble holes
vocabulary
Igneous rock
• Rock formed from cooled magma or lava
Extrusive igneous
Rock
• Igneous rock that forms above the Earth’s
surface from lava
Intrusive igneous
rock
• Igneous rock that forms below the Earth’s
surface from magma
LAB 1:
different
TYPES OF
ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of
rocks are
there?
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
• SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
are formed from the
compaction & cementation
of sediments
• Pressure causes
accumulated sediments to
harden into rock.
• This process takes
thousands of years.
• Sedimentary rocks are
classified according to the
material from which they
formed.
clastic:
• Composed of different sized rock
fragments compacted together
organic:
• Composed of the remains of dead
plants & animals
(may include shells, skeletons & other organic matter)
chemical:
• Formed from minerals that were once
dissolved in water
(water evaporated & minerals became crystals)
vocabulary
Sedimentaryrock
• Rock made of sediments
Sediment
• Compacts together to form sedimentary
rock; created by erosion
compaction
• The compressing of sediments into
sedimentary rock
erosion
• Wearing away of soil, landforms & rock
by wind, gravity, moving water &
glaciers
lithification
• Compaction & cementation into
sedimentary rock
weathering
The breakdown of rocks by natural
processes
LAB 1:
different
TYPES OF
ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of
rocks are
there?
metamorphic
ROCKS
• METAMORPHIC ROCKS are
formed from igneous or
sedimentary rocks that undergo
lots of heat & pressure over a
long period of time
• Igneous & Sedimentary rocks
deep beneath the Earth’s
surface change (morph) into
metamorphic rocks because
of the high temperatures &
great pressure of all the rock
layers above.
• This process takes thousands
of years.
2
TEXTURE
TYPES
NON-FOLIATED:
• No visible layering or stripes
FOLIATED:
(BANDED)
• Minerals “line up” to
give a striped/layered
appearance
vocabulary
foliation
• Mineral bands/layers in metamorphic rock
Metamorphic
Rock
• Rock formed from an igneous or
sedimentary rock because of heat &
pressure
LAB 1:
different
TYPES OF
ROCKS
Key Question:
What kinds of
rocks are
there?
The Rock Cycle
IGNEOUS ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS are formed from cooled
magma or lava
An intrusive igneous rock forms from
magma. As it cools slowly inside the earth
the minerals form large crystals.
An extrusive igneous rock forms from lava
on the surface. These rocks cool quickly
and have tiny crystals.
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are formed from the
compaction & cementation of sediments
Weathering & erosion acts upon rocks
to create sediments.
Over time layers of sediment compact &
compress together to form sedimentary
rock. This process is known as
lithification.
metamorphic
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS are
formed from igneous or
sedimentary rocks that undergo
lots of heat & pressure over a
long period of time, which causes
the rock to change.
Rock CYCLE:
The combination of all the
processes that act to break down
rocks, move sediments, and produce
new rocks.
melting
(L)
(B)
(C)
(H)
(D)
(K)
(A)
melting
(E)
(F)
(I)
(N)
(J)
(G)
(M)
(L)
(B)
cooling
igneous rock
(C)
melting
(H)
Weathering
&
erosion
Heat &
(D)
pressure
(A)
melting
(K)
sediments
melting
(E)
melting
(N)
metamorphic
rock
Weathering
&
(F)
erosion
(I)
lithification
Weathering &
erosion(J)
Heat &
(G)
pressure
(M)
Sedimentary
rock
Rock CYCLE:
The combination of all the processes that act to
break down rocks, move sediments, and produce new
rocks.
3 groups of rocks
Igneous- Forms from cooled magma or lava
Sedimentary- Made of sediments that compacted over time
Metamorphic- Forms due to heat & pressure
5 processes of the rock cycle
Cooling of magma or lava forms igneous rock
Weathering & Erosion of a rock forms sediments
Lithification of sediments forms sedimentary rock
Heat & Pressure on a rock creates metamorphic rock
Melting of a rock forms magma