I. Categories of Oceanographers
• 1. CHEMICAL Oceanographer –
– composition of sea water, salts and physical
properties (eg. DENSITY, TEMPERATURE)
•
.
2. BIOLOGICAL Oceanographer–
syn. MARINE BIOLOGIST
• studies organisms, types, abundance,
temporal variation, productivity and their
controlling factors.
3. GEOLOGICAL Oceanographer
• - two areas
• 1.Volcanic rocks and basins (opening and
closing)
• 2.Sediments- paleo oceanography.
4. PHYSICAL Oceanographer
• - various styles of motion (currents surface
and deep water) waves and tides.
GLOBE TOSSING ACTIVITY
II. OCEAN INFORMATION
• A. DIVIDING THE EARTH
– LOCATE POINTS ON THE MAP USING
COORDINATES.
– n/s
e/w
– LONGITUDE 360 VERTICAL
(spacing distorted north to south)
– Prime Meridian Greenwich England
(zero degrees)
• LATITUDE
horizontal
zero is the equator
• Spacing is equal north to south
• circumference at the equator is 40,000 km
or 24,902 miles
Practice Problems
• Bombay or Mumbai
India
• Havana Cuba
• Anchorage Alaska
• Aukland New Zealand
• Rio De Janeiro
• Columbus Ohio
Answers
• Bombay or Mumbai
India
• Havana Cuba
• Anchorage Alaska
• Aukland New Zealand
• Rio De Janero
• Columbus Ohio
• 20N 73E
•
•
•
•
•
20N
60N
40S
23S
38N
80W
160W
175E
44W
83W
Hurricane Floyd
B. THE OCEANS
1. PACIFIC OCEAN
• vol. P= Atl. + Indian 37% of the earth's
surface, deepest point (Marianas Trench
11Km),deepest ave. depth, coldest,
salinity 34.6 o/oo temp. 3.
Google Earth
2. Atlantic Ocean
• shallowest, warmest, saltiest,
• Sal. 35.0 o/oo temp 3.7C
• "Marginal Seas" (Gulf of Mexico
and Mediterranean) water gets
trapped and becomes saltier
because of evaporation, then
spills back into the Atlantic
evaporation
Dense water sinks
3. INDIAN OCEAN
• slightly smaller than the
Atlantic temp. 3.7C salinity
34.8 o/oo
• Monsoons- seasonal shift in
currents
4. ANTARCTIC OCEAN
a.k.a.(Southern Ocean)
• area of mixing of the three other major
oceans, narrow shelf of the continent, no
freshwater input
• Look at the "Southern Ocean" from the
south pole. Extensive exchange of water
between Atlantic, Indian and Pacific
5. ARCTIC OCEAN
smallest, shallowest, isolated
from other oceans, except for the
Bering Sea, Fram Strait.
• Persistent pack ice, thicker and
harder at the center. Broad shelf and
much fresh water input.
• Predicted to be ice-free in the
summer by 2050
•
III. TRIVIA
• Ave. depth of ocean = 3800 m 4 km
Ave. elevation of a continent 800m
• Distribution of water and land on the surface
70% water 30% land
• Northern Hemisphere 60%
40%
• Southern Hemisphere 80%
20%