Benthos - hmitwally101

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Benthos
& Nekton
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Objectives
• Definition.
• Some forms of phyto-benthos.
• Relationship between size of organisms and
abundance.
Kelp forest
• Marine Animals.
• Marine invertebrates.
• Coral reefs
• Marine vertebrates.
• Fish
• Mammals.
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
On
•Definition
Polychaete
In
Around
Meiofauna
Benthos
Crab
•All organisms living on or in or around substrate.
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
plankton
pelagic
Nekton
Benthos
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
‫‪• Activity 1:‬‬
‫• يطلب من الطلبة الربط بين اللوحة السابقة والتالية من‬
‫حيث تسكين الكائنات الموجودة فى اللوحة االولى فى‬
‫اماكن تواجدها فى اللوحة الثانية‪.‬‬
‫• ذكر امثلة لتلك الكائنات ‪+‬خصائص البيئةالمتواجدة‬
‫فيها‪.‬‬
‫• يتم تقسيم الطلبة الى ثالثة أو أربعة مجاميع حسب‬
‫أعدادهم و أماكن جلوسهم‪.‬‬
‫• مدة النشاط خمس دقائق‪.‬‬
‫‪Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,‬‬
‫‪Marine Biology‬‬
Biozone
Pelagic
Neritic
Benthic
Oceanic
Littoral
Supralittoral
Intertidal
High
zone
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Mid zone
Low zone
Subtidal
• Benthos
Benthic Flora
Seagrass
Red Algae
Benthic Fauna
Megafauna
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Macrofauna
Kelp Bed
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Microfauna
Meiofauna
Kelp bed
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Marsh grass
Seagrass Bed
Aquatic Vegetations
Montaza Bay,
Alexandria,
By Prof., Hesham
Mostafa
Kelp bed
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Phylum Phaeophyta or
Brown Algae
Seaweeds are large
marine multicellular
algae. These nonvascular plants are
grouped as green, red
and brown algae.
Phylum Rhodophyta
or Red Algae
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Phylum
Chlorophyta or
Green Algae
Relationship Between Size Of
Organisms And Abundance
• The smaller they are, the more
abundant they tend to be.
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Marine Animals
Marine invertebrates






Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Phylum Cnidaria
(Corals, Jellyfish)
Phylum Mollusca
(Clams, Snails, Octopi)
Phylum Arthropoda
(Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Copepods)
Phylum Echinodermata
(Sea Stars, Brittle Stars)
Marine worms (Polychaeta, Nematode)
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Marine vertebrates
Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
The contribution
Of sponges
to total benthic
productivity is
usually minor
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Phylum Cnidaria
(Corals, Jellyfish)
Fossil
coral
Coral reefs support
rich ecosystems
Jonathan Bird
Jellyfish
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Phylum Mollusca
(Clams, Snails, Octopi)
Bivalve
Snails
Octopus
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Phylum Arthropoda
(Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Copepods)
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Phylum Echinodermata
(Sea Stars, Brittle Stars)
Sea urchins
Sea urchins
Sunflower
starfish
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Marine worms (Polychaeta, Nematodes)
Polychaeta
Nematodes
Turbellarian
flatworms
Oligochaete worms
Leeches
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Serpulid worm
Coral Reefs
http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/
• Coral reefs are aragonite (calcium carbonate +strantium)
structures produced by living organisms, found in marine
waters with little to no nutrients in the water. High nutrient
levels such as those found in runoff from agricultural areas
M Mitwally,
can harm the reef by Prof.Dr.Hanan
encouraging
Marine Biology the growth of Algae.
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
The stony corals which have formed a symbiotic
partnership with tiny algae
Zooxanthellae.
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Coral Bleaching
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
•Marine Vertebrates
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Marine Vertebrates
Tunicates
Birds
Lancelets
Reptiles
Fish
Amphibians
Mammals
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Marine Vertebrates
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Tunicates: sea squirts
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
• Nekton
• They are active swimming aquatic organisms in
a body of water (usually oceans or lakes) able
to move independently of water currents.
• Nekton are contrasted with plankton
Cephalochordate
Lancelet
(Brainless fish)
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Fish
Jawless
Fish
Cartilaginous
Fish
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Bony
Fish
The jawless fish,
lamprey and
hagfish are the
most primitive
vertebrates
Suction mouth of lamprey
Lamprey
Hagfish
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Manta ray
Clearnose skate
Cartilaginous
fish
Pacific electric ray
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
White shark
Cartilaginous
fish
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Hammerhead shark
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Giant Grouper, the world's biggest bony fish
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
• Egyptian Commercial Bony Fish
• Family Sparidae
‫الشراغيش‬
Diplodus sp
Sparus sp
‫المرجان‬
Pagrus sp
‫الدنيس‬
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Boops sp
‫الموزة‬
B=Marine Mammals
Otters
Polar bear
Dolphin
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Sea lions
Seals
walrus
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
Manatees
Dugongs, or sea cows as they are sometimes called, are marine animals which
can grow to about three metres in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms.
They are the only marine mammals in Australia that live mainly on plants. The
name sea cow refers to the fact that they graze on the seagrasses, which form
meadows in sheltered coastal waters. As dugongs feed, whole plants are
uprooted and a telltale-feeding trail is left. Dugongs are more closely related to
elephants than to marine mammals
such as whales
and dolphins,
but manatees
are their
closest
living
aquatic
relatives.
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
•Summary
• h_mitwally@yahoo.com
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
• Take Home message
.............‫• أنا البحر فى جنابته الدر كامن‬
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally,
Marine Biology
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