Structure of the Russian Higher Education
System: Types of Russian Higher Education
Institutions
Yaroslav Kouzminov
Rector
Higher School of Economics
www.hse.ru
Key Impact Factors on the Structure of the Russian
Education System (1990s-2010s)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Demographic changes and trends
Higher education massification and increasing access
Emergence of the private sector (private HEIs, tuition places in state HEIs)
Appearance of new stakeholders (citizens, employers, etc.) having interests of
their own
Emergence of new economic sectors (new labor markets) and decline of a
number of sectors
Changing status of the academic profession
Changing “rules of the game”: appearance of new mechanisms and
redistribution of student flows in education (USE exam) and abandonment of
old mechanisms (mandatory job placement for graduates)
Public structural reforms in higher education
International agenda of education reform and globalization
Structure of the Russian Education System:
Types of Higher Education Institutions
HEI Types
% of Russian
national admissions
Research universities
14%
Infrastructural HEIs
24%
Specialized industrial HEIs
13%
Mass HEIs
43%
- including regional branches
13%
Private HEIs
6%
-Specialized
-Mass
Indicators: research productivity and intensiveness; level of competitiveness (in particular, on regional education markets);
level and quality of HEI internal diversification (specialization); (in particular, for specialized industrial HEIs); ability to
attract talents.
Data: Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), Monitoring Study of Admissions Quality (HSE, 2009-2014), HEIs Effectiveness
Monitoring (2012-2014).
Sample: 426 state and 491 private HEIs , 1482 regional branches
5:100 Universities in Russian Higher Education
Indicators
5:100
universities
Average score of Unified State
Examination
74,9
R&D per faculty member, th.₽
Leading
universities
Public HEIs
All HEIs
69,1
63,5
58,3
831,2
660,7
346,8
276,7
Share of foreign students, %
6,9
4,7
4,3
4,7
Share of master students
13,7
12,1
4,9
4,3
Citations in Web of Science per 100
faculty members
340,0
173,8
50,2
37,6
Number of publications Web of
Science per 100 faculty members
30,8
17,7
5,0
4,1
Number of journals being published
9,2
8,4
3,4
2,5
(National research
univeristies & Federal
universities)
HEI Types Lacking in Russian Higher Education
Current situation
Global research universities
15 HEIs of the 5-100
Program (2020) striving to
enter global rankings
Internationally oriented HEIs in the
humanities and social sciences
Target situation for assuring
“healthy” system diversity
50 global universities
10-15 HEIs
RSHU
Liberal arts universities
Specialized private HEIs with an
engineering or medical nucleus
Small master’s research universities
Smolny Institute
10-15 HEIs
15-20 HEIs
Russian New University,
Dubna University
New Economic School,
European University in
Saint-Petersburg
15-20 universities
Characteristics of the Flagship University Model
Flagship
University
• Active positioning in HE system
• Works on a specific territory (country,
macroregion or region)
• Selective student admissions
National HE
System
Mission:
Education and
Research
Social Function
Governance
and
Accountability
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bachelor’s programs
Master’s programs
Graduate programs
Research
Involvement in international networks
• Involvement in national and
regional development
• Technology transfer
• Continuing education
• Work with schools
Institutional autonomy
Multilevel governance system
Academic freedom
Quality assurance