BIOTECHNOLOGY
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Introduction to Biotechnology (definition and purpose)
Uses of Biotechnology in Society (GMOs, Gene Therapy)
Cloning Notes
Mimi Mouse Cloning Internet Simulation
Review Transgenic Organisms (Gene Splicing,
Recombinant DNA)
Introduction to Gel Electrophoresis
Pass Out Evolution Review and Vocabulary
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HW – Skim Pages 391-413 (Define: Genetic Engineering,
PCR, restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, gene
therapy)
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WOD: Biotechnology, GMO, Gene Therapy, Cloning,
Transgenic Organism, Gel Electrophoresis
Technology
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List 10 types of technology
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Ready, Set, Go…
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Look at your list. Under your list,
write a definition of technology
Technology
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What is technology?
Technology is defined as “the making,
modification, usage, and knowledge of tools,
machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and
methods of organization, in order to solve a
problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a
problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied
input/output relation or perform a specific
function.”
Today’s Objective
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What is Biotechnology?
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What are some types of Biotechnology?
Biotechnology
What does the Prefix Bio- mean?
Technology- Making, modifying and using
tools, machines, techniques, and systems to
problem solve, improve, and complete
functions
… USING LIFE
Humans have been manipulating
nature for centuries.
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Any time a human has manipulated life
in a way to benefit man has been
biotechnology
Some examples you might not have
thought of as Biotechnology:
What about new advances?
I.
Cloning
II.
Transgenic Organisms
III.
Mapping the Human Genome
Cloning
Making a CLONE
What is a clone?
An IDENTICAL COPY (GENETICALLY)
Cloning
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How??
removing the nucleus of a body cell
and substituting this nucleus for the
nucleus in an egg
The egg then thinks it has been
fertilizes and develops in a test tube
Once large enough it can be placed
into a foster mother and develop and
be born naturally.
Lets Give it a Try
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http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/cont
ent/cloning/clickandclone/
Transgenic Organism
Break the words down
Trans- Transfer
Genic- Genetic
Transgenic Organism- transferring
genes from one organism into another
Transgenic Organism Vocabulary
Trans- Transfer
Genic- Genetic
Transgenic Organism- transferring genes
from one organism into another
Recombinant DNA
Recombining DNA from two different
organisms
Transgenic Organism
STEPS
1) Choose your
organism and
your desired trait
2)
Cut the gene
3)
Insert the gene
4)
New DNA, codes
for a new trait
Voilà
5)
What activity did we do that
created a Transgenic organism?
Examples
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Corn that glows when its dehydrated
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Bacteria that produces Insulin
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Cavity causing bacteria producing
ethanol instead of acid
A glow in the dark tobacco plant, fish,
bunny, dog, cat, monkey, scorpion…
Technique: Gene Splicing
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Study the
picture.
What is
happening?
How is it
happening?
How does new DNA make new traits?
Why?
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Organisms may be genetically
modified for any number of reasons.
Genetic modification may be
performed to make organisms more
vigorous, to add resistance to specific
threats, or for the goal of expressing a
particular trait.
It can be used for everything from
adding nutrition to staple crops for the
benefit of people in the developing
world to making fish glow so that they
can be sold as novelty pets.
Pros of Transgenic Organisms
1.
2.
3.
Make money from new
products.
Make products that can improve
health of humans – like insulin
or Human Growth Hormone
Make food crops more
nutritious, larger and disease
resistant.
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The Con’s of
Transgenic Organisms
1.
2.
3.
Creating organisms that
could not survive in the
natural world
Accidently releasing the
recombinant genes into
wild populations.
Intentionally making
“bad” organisms for
biological warfare.
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Study the
picture.
Come up
with a
definition
of Gene
Therapy
Mapping Genomes
What is a Genome?
When you see Gen, think Genetics
A genome is the entire genetic
makeup of an organism
How is it done?
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The mapping of the human genome
What can this allow us to do?
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Test for genetic conditions
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Design babies?
DESIGN YOUR OWN BABY
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On the next slide select traits you
would like the geneticist to
eliminate from your egg and sperm.
Checking the box ensures your child
will not receive these traits or that
you can control them
Video Links
 News
Segment
 Gattaca
 What
if….
DESIGNER BABIES
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In the 1997 science-fiction movie Gattaca, lead character
Vincent Freeman is one of the "In-Valids." When
Freeman was a baby, a test of his DNA revealed that he
would grow up to have bad eyesight and die at age 30.
With such poor prospects, he was slotted into the bottom
of society and given a dead-end job. But Vincent dreams
of becoming an astronaut. So he borrows the genetic
identity of a "Valid," a man with desirable DNA. Shortly
before Vincent's spaceflight is due for takeoff, a murder
investigation threatens to expose his true genetic self.
So where do you stand?
• How do you feel about the use of
biotechnology?
– Pretend you could go back in time and take this
technology with you. Would you want your parents
to have you genetically tested? How about
genetically designed? Why or why not. EXPLAIN
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Collect Biotechnology Vocabulary
Gel Electrophoresis Notes (Steps)
Gel Electrophoresis Internet Simulation
BEGIN EVOLUTION: Natural Selection Notes (439541 in book)
• Thumbs!
• Darwin vs Lamarck
• HW – First Page of review and vocabulary
• WOD: Evolution, Natural Selection, Adaptation,
Mutation
Gel Electrophoresis
• DEFINED:: a technique used to
separate DNA using an electric field
applied to a gel matrix.
• Used for analytical purposes (who’s
the culprit or who’s the daddy) or to
prepare for gene splicing or cloning.
Step one:
cut it
Step two:
put it in
wells
Step three:
zap it with
electricity
Step four: use
probes and Xrays to analyze
results
Gel Electrophoresis
• Create a DNA Fingerprint Worksheet
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/a
nalyze.html
• In this internet simulation you will be a
detective trying to get to the bottom of a
somewhat silly crime
SOLVING A
CRIME
• Look at the DNA
Fingerprint created
using gel
electrophoresis
and determine
which sample
matches the
evidence
RELATEDNESS
• Which samples
indicate the
individuals are
identical twins?