13.5 week study guide
December 6th, 2013
Brainteaser#38: 12-6-13
1. Name the four stages of Athenian
government?
2. Where is Rome located?
3. Describe the Byzantine Culture?
4. Baghdad fell to what group of people?
5. Charlemagne built what to unite the empire?
• Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny and Democracy
• It centrally located in the Mediterranean basin and distant
from the eastern Mediterranean powers
• Continued flourishing of Greco-Romans traditions, Greek
language (as contrasted with Latin in the west, Greek or
Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Greek and Roman
knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries
• The Mongols
• Schools, Roads, and churches
13.5 week study guide
1. Pericles extended democracy; most adult males
had an equal voice
2. Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite
Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, Minerva, and Venus
3. an artificial channel for conveying water, typically
in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns
across a valley in Rome
4. The Emperor Constantine converted to
Christianity and made it legal. Christianity later
became the official state religion.
5. Rome and Carthage were in competition for
trade
6. Three wars resulted in Roman victory, the
destruction of Carthage, and expanded trade.
Monotheistic Religion and wealth for Rome.
7. Decline in population, Scarcity of labor, Towns
freed from feudal obligations, Decline of Church
influence, Disruption of trade
8. Protection of the eastern frontier, Distance
from Germanic invasions in the western empire,
Crossroads of trade, Easily fortified site on a
peninsula, bordered by natural harbors
9. Located in the Andes Mountains of South
America, Represented by Machu Picchu, Ruled
by an emperor, Economy based on high-altitude
agriculture, Polytheistic religion, Road system
10. Calendars, Mathematics, Writing and other
record-keeping systems
11. Pope Urban’s speech, The capture of
Jerusalem, Founding of Crusader states, Loss of
Jerusalem to Saladin, Sack of Constantinople by
western Crusaders
12. Greek and Roman, Scholars
13. Domination of Plants and Animals
14. Migrated in search for food and survival
15. The belief in many gods
16. Ten Commandments, which state moral and
religious conduct
17. Golden Age of classical Indian culture,
Contributions: Mathematics (concept of
zero),medical advances (setting bones), astronomy
(concept of a round earth), new textiles, literature
located near the Ganges and Indus rivers
18. Vedas and Upanishads: Vedas has all the
Dharma rules that Hindus should live by and the
Upanishads: are a collection of texts of religious and
philosophical nature, during a time when Indian
society started to question the traditional religious
order.
19. Chinese rulers were considered divine, but they
served under a Mandate of Heaven only as long as
their rule was just.
20. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), He
wanted to teach other how to overcome suffering.
21. Humility, Simple life and inner peace,
Harmony with nature
22. Symbols and images in Western
literature, art, and architecture
23. Celebrates the individual, Stimulated the study
of Greek and Roman literature and culture
24. The movable-type printing press helped the
production and sale of books helped to disseminate
ideas.
25. They migrated in search of food, water and
shelter.
26. Protection of the eastern frontier, Distance
from Germanic invasions in the western empire,
Crossroads of trade, Easily fortified site on a
peninsula, bordered by natural harbors.
27. They became sailor and traders and
colonization
28. Centrally located in the Mediterranean Basin
and distant from eastern Mediterranean
powers.
29. By establishing their own governments.
30. Located in the Andes Mountains of South
America, Represented by Machu Picchu, Ruled
by an emperor, Economy based on high-altitude
agriculture, Polytheistic religion, Road system
31. The Silk Road facilitated trade and contact
between China and other cultures as far away as
Rome.
32. Located in the Mexican and Central
American rain forests
33. Hereditary rulers: Dynasties of kings,
pharaohs, Rigid class system where slavery was
accepted Centralized government, often based
on religious authority
34. Compass invent in China
35. Established uniform system of money, which
helped to expand trade, Guaranteed safe travel
and trade on Roman roads, Promoted prosperity
and stability Returned stability to social classes,
Increased emphasis on the family Created a civil
service Developed a uniform rule of law
36. Patricians: Powerful nobility (few in number)
Plebeians: Majority of population, Slaves: Not
based on race
37.Where everyone(All males in Greece
participated in all things about the
government ex. Voting, debate, leadership
etc.) Greece
38. Was led by Jesus of Nazareth, who was
proclaimed the Messiah and his teachings
39. The Arabic alphabet or Arabic language s
written from right to left, in a cursive style, and
includes 28 letters.
40. Centered in Rome, Farther from seat of
power after Constantinople became capital, Use
of Latin language in the liturgy, Authority of the
Pope eventually accepted in the West Practices
such as celibacy eventually accepted in the West
41. a picture or pattern produced by arranging
together small colored pieces of hard material, such
as stone, tile, or glass, The Byzantine Empire
42. Secular authority declined, while Church
authority grew., Monasteries preserved GrecoRoman cultural achievements. Missionaries carried
Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes,
The Pope anointed Charlemagne, Emperor in 800 A
.D . (C .E .) Parish priests served religious and social
needs of the people.
43. Split over the question of who should have
succeeded Mohammed ,Successor of Muhammad,
Sunni (Majority) is selected or elected, Shi’s
(Minority) successor must be direct descendant of
the Prophet’s family.
44. Muhammad the prophet, Arabian Peninsula, Mecca
and Medina
45. The Slavic's(Russia)
46. Codification of Roman law (impact
on European legal codes), Reconquest of former
Roman territories, Expansion of trade
47. Ethnic religion unique to Japan, Importance
of natural features, forces of nature, and
ancestors State religion; worship of the emperor
Coexistence with Buddhism
48. Islam into West Africa, Central
and Southeast Asia, It was established though
cultural interaction through trade
49. Importance of gold and salt to transSaharan trade
6f
• The origin and evolution of Imperial Rome
• First Triumvirate( Caesar, Crassus, Pompey)
• Julius Caesar: Seizure of Power, assassination
by senate, ides of march, senate were afraid of
his power
• Augustus Caesar: Civil War, defeat of Marc
Anthony, Rome’s first emperor
• Empire: Unified and enlarged, using imperial
authority and the military
6f
• Failure to provide for peaceful succession of
Emperors.
6g
• The Pax Romana:
• Two hundred years of peace and prosperity
under imperial rule
• Expansion and solidification of the Roman
empire, particularity in the near east
6g
Economic impact of the Pax Romana
• Established uniform system of money, which
helped to expand trade
• Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman
Roads
• Promoted prosperity and stability
6g
Social impact of the Pax Romana
• Returned stability to social classes
• Increased emphasis on the family
Political impact of the Pax Romana
• Created a civil service
• Developed a uniformed rule of law
6h
Christianity:
• Had its roots in Judaism
• Was led by Jesus of Nazareth, who was
proclaimed the Messiah( Jesus the founder of
Christianity)
• Conflicted with Polytheistic beliefs of Roman
Empire
6h
Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Christianity:
• Monotheism
• Jesus as both son and incarnation of God
• Life after death
• New testament, containing accounts of the life
and teachings of Jesus, as well as writings of early
Christians
• Christian doctrines established by early church
councils
6h
Spread of Christianity:
• Popularity of the message: gave hope to all
people including women
• Early Martyrs inspired others
• Carried by the Apostles, including Paul
throughout the Roman Empire
6i
• Impact of the Church of Rome in the late Roman
Empire
• The Emperor Constantine_________________
converted to Christianity and made it legal.
• Christianity later became the official state religion.
• The Church became a source of ____Moral__________
authority.
• Loyalty to the Church became more important than
loyalty to the _________Emperor_______.
• The Church became the main unifying force of
______Western_______ Europe
6j
• Contributions of ancient Rome
• Art and ___Architecture_______________: Pantheon,
Colosseum, Forum
• Technology: Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches
• Science: Achievements of Ptolemy
• Medicine: Emphasis on public ___Health_________ (public
baths, public water systems, medical schools)
• Language: Latin, Romance languages
• Literature: Virgil’s _Aeneid_____________
• Religion: Roman mythology; adoption of Christianity as the
imperial religion
• Law: The principle of “_____Innocent_____________ until
proven ______Guilty_______” (from the Twelve Tables)
6k
• Causes for the decline of the Western Roman Empire
• _____Geographic________ size: Difficulty of defense and
administration
• Economy: The cost of ___Defense___________, and
devaluation of Roman currency
• Military: Army membership started to include
_________Non-Romans_________, resulting in decline of
discipline
• _____Moral________ decay: People’s loss of faith in Rome
and the family
• Political problems: Civil conflict and weak administration
• Invasion: Attacks on borders
6k
• Division of the Roman Empire
• Move of the capital by Constantine from Rome to
_________Byzantium________, renaming it
Constantinople
• Survival of the Western Roman Empire until 476
A.D. (C.E.), when it ceased to have a Roman
Emperor
• _____Eastern________ Roman Empire (Byzantine
Empire)
7a
• Protection of the ______________eastern
Frontier_________________
• Distance from ___________Germanic
Invasions_______________________ in the
western empire
• Crossroads of trade
• Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by
________Natural Harbors___________________
•
7a
• Role of Constantinople
• Seat of the _Byzantine Empire____until
_________Ottoman__ conquest
• Preserved classical __Greco-Roman________
culture
• Center of trade
7b
• Codification of _Roman__________
_______Law____ (impact on European legal
codes)
• Reconquest of former
______Roman_____territories
• Expansion of _____Trade______
7c
• Inspiration provided by Christian religion and
imperial power
• Icons (religious images)
• Mosaics in public and religious structures
• Hagia Sophia (a Byzantine domed church)
7c
• Byzantine culture
• Continued flourishing of
_______________GrecoRoman__________________ traditions
• _____Greek______ language (as contrasted with
Latin in the West)
• ________Greek Orthodox Christianity or Eastern
Orthodox_________________________
• ____Greek_______ and ___Roman________
knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries
7d
• Eastern Church
• Centered in Constantinople
• Close to seat of power after Constantinople
became capital
• Use of Greek Language
7d
• Western Church
• Centered in __Rome_________
• Farther from seat of power after
______Constantinople_______________
became capital
• Use of __Latin_________ language in the
liturgy
7d
• Division between Western and Eastern Churches
• Authority of the Pope___________ eventually
accepted in the _West__________
• Authority of the
____Patriarch__________________ accepted in
the East
• Practices such as ____Celibacy_______
eventually accepted in the West
7e
• Influence of Byzantine culture on Eastern Europe
and Russia
• Trade routes along the black and Baltic seas
• Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and
eastern Europe
• Adoption of Greek alphabet for the Slavic
languages by ST. Cyril
• Church Architecture and religious art
•
8a
• Origins of Islam
• __________Muhammad____________, the
Prophet
• ___Mecca________ and ______Medina_____
on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities
•
8a
• Spread of Islam
• Across Asia and ____Africa_______ and into
_Spain__________
• Geographic extent of first Muslim empire
8a
• Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam
• _______Monotheism______: Allah (Arabic word
for God)
• _____________Quran(Koran)____: The word of
God
• ______Five_____ ___Pillars________ of Islam
• Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets,
including ___Moses________ and
______Jesus_____
8b
• Geographic influences on the origin and spread
of Islam
• Diffusion along trade routes from
___Mecca________ and _____Medina______
• Expansion despite great distances,
__Desert_________ __________Environments__
, and ______Mountain_____ barriers
• Spread into the ________Fertile Crescent___
_____, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak
Byzantine and Persian empires
8b
• Geographic influences on economic, social,
and political development
• Political unity of the first _____Muslim______
____Empire_______ was short-lived.
• ____Arabic_______ language spread with
Islam and facilitated __Trade_________ across
Islamic lands.
• _______Slavery____ was not based on
___Race________.
8c
• Historical turning points
• Death of Ali: Sunni/Shia Division(over who
should be in charge of Islam
• Muslim Conquests of Jerusalem and Damascus
• Islamic Capital moved to Baghdad
• Muslim defeat Battle of Tours
• Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
8d
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cultural contributions and achievements
Architecture: Dome of the Rock
Mosaics
Arabic Alphabet
Universities
Translations of Ancient texts into Arabic
8d
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Scientific contributions and achievements
Medicine
Astronomy
Numbering System with zero
Algebra
Expansion of Geographic Knowledge
9a
•
•
•
•
Foundations of early medieval society
Classical Heritage of Rome
Christian Beliefs
Customs of Germanic Tribes
9a
• Influence of the Roman Catholic Church
• __________Secular Authority___________ declined,
while Church authority grew.(gov’t and church)
• _____Monasteries______ preserved Greco-Roman
cultural achievements.
• Missionaries carried Christianity and ____Latin______
___Alphabet_________ to Germanic tribes.
• The Pope anointed ________Charlemagne___ Emperor
in 800 A.D. (C.E.)
• Parish priests served religious and social needs of the
people.
9b
• Feudal society during the Middle Ages
• Fiefs-Land given by the lord
• Vassals/ knights- Receives the fief for military
service
• Serfs- Laborer bound to the land
• Feudal Obligations- contracts service for
protection
9b
• Manorial system during the Middle Ages
• Rigid class structure
• Self- sufficient Manors
9c
• Age of Charlemagne
• ____________Franks(French)______ emerged as a force in
Western Europe.
• The ____Pope_______ crowned the Emperor.
• Power of the ___Church________ was established in
political life.
• ______Roman_____ culture was reinterpreted.
• Most of _____Western Europe_________________ was
included in the new empire.
• _____Churches______, ___Roads________, and
______Schools_____ were built to unite the empire.
9d
• Areas of settlement
• _______Angles______ and _____Saxons__________
migrated from continental Europe to England.
• ________________Magyars_____ migrated from
Central Asia to Hungary.
• ________Vikings_____ migrated from Scandinavia to
Russia.
•
•
9d
• Influence of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and
Vikings
• Manors with castles provided protection from
invaders, reinforcing the feudal system
• Invasions disrupted trade, towns declined, the
feudal system was strengthened