“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”

William Henry Harrison
 Whig Party hoped to
influence Harrison as
President
 Daniel Webster & Henry Clay
 Delivers longest inaugural
address in Presidential history
 Contracts pneumonia
Probably should
have worn a coat…
 Serves 4 weeks as president
and dies in office
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”

John Tyler
 Whig
 Democrat in disguise
 Whit Party
 Pro Bank
 Pro Protective Tariff
 Pro Internal
Improvement
 Tyler…
 Against all three…oops
The Aroostook War

 Land claimed by
Americans and British
north of Maine lead to
small scale fighting in the
early 1840s
 Daniel Webster
negotiates the WebsterAshburton Treaty adding
almost 7,000 square miles
of territory
Texas

 Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
 Spain ceded Florida and claims to Oregon to the US
 In return, US abandoned claims to Texas
 Americans continue to settle in Texas
 Mexico granted a huge tract of land to Stephen Austin
 Agreed to bring 300 American families
 Must be Roman Catholic
 Texans ignored these stipulations and continued to settle the
territory
 30,000 by 1835
 Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston, ect.
Rising Tension in Texas

 Tensions rise over slavery, immigration and local rights
 Mexico prohibited slavery as well as further colonization by
1830
 Tensions rose in 1835 when Santa Anna took away all local
rights for settlers and began raising an army to remove the
Texans
 Texans declare independence in 1836
 Sam Houston named commander in Chief
1. Should the United States give Maine to Canada? Why or Why Not
2. Does Canada have the right to take Maine? Why or Why Not?

The Alamo
The first battle
between the Texans
and Mexicans took
place at on old
mission that was
used as a fort.
It was called the
Alamo.
The Fight for the Alamo

 The Mexican Army outnumbered the Texans 1,800 to 183
 The Texans held the Alamo for twelve days.
 On the thirteenth day, Santa Anna ordered his men to
storm the fortress.
 When it was over, all but five Texans were dead. The men
not killed in the battle were executed by Santa Anna.
 Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo and
vowed to fight for their freedom.
“Remember The Alamo!”

 Santa Anna had over 300 more Texans executed at
Golidad.
 General Sam Houston gathered over 800 troops and met
Santa Anna at San Jacinto
 It was over in 18 minutes. More than half the Mexican
army was killed. (It was siesta time)
 Santa Anna was forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its
freedom. With the Battle of San Jacinto, Texas became an
independent country.
Lone Star Republic
 In 1836, Texas declared itself
The Lone Star Republic.
 Sam Houston was elected
president.
 Some Americans wanted Texas
to be part of the U.S.
 Some people were afraid of
Texas becoming a slave state,
others of war with Mexico.
 Both would eventually happen
Polk & Texas Annexation

 In 1844, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay & the
Democrats nominated James Polk
 Polk won on expansionist platform


Called for Texas annexation
Called for an end to the joint U.S.-British control of
Oregon
 Polk & Congress interpreted the election as mandate
for expansion & Texas was quickly made a state
James K. Polk
 Democrat
 Nickname:
 “Young Hickory”
 “Dark Horse” President
 Narrow victory
 4 Point Mission
 Lower the Tariff
 Restore the Independent
Treasury
 Get Oregon
 Get California
Mexican-American War

 Causes of the Mexican War:
 Mexico recognized Texas’ independence & U.S.
annexation, but disagreed over Texas’ southern border
 In May 1846, Polk sent U.S. General Zachary Taylor
beyond the Rio Grande River which led to the MexicanAmerican War
John C Fremont won
in California
The
Mexican-American
The disputed
Zachary Taylor won at
area of Texas War
Buena Vista “Old
Rough
and Ready”
Stephen Kearney
captured New Mexico
Winfield Scott
captured Mexico City
Opposition
to
the
Mexican
Not everyone supported the
Mexican-American
War
War
Whigs opposed it
Northerners saw it
as a Southern
“slave-power” plot
to extend slavery
Ending
the
Mexican
War
The U.S.
grew
20%
by
adding
the
Added the Gadsden Purchase
 In 1848, U.S. & Mexico ended the war with the Treaty of
Mexican
Cession
(present-day
NM,
AZ,
in
1853
to
build
a
southern
Guadalupe Hidalgo:
CA, Utah,
NV, & parts ofrailroad
CO & WY
transcontinental
The Rio Grande
became the recognized
U.S. southern border
Territorial Expansion byOregon
Mid-19th
Century
• U.S. & Britain
jointly occupied
 Oregon (Spain
relinquished its
claims to Oregon
in the Adams-Onis
Treaty of 1819)
• Britain claimed a
greater stake of
Oregon via Hudson
Bay Co. (fur trade)
The
Oregon
Boundary
Dispute
But, the USA &
England
Oregon
residents
compromised
&
demanded
the
divided Oregon
entire
territory:
th
In 1846, President Polk notified along
Britain49that
“54º40’ or fight!”
the U.S. wanted full controlparallel
of Oregon
in 1846
Territorial Expansion by Mid-19th
Century
Benefits of Oregon:
the U.S. gained its
1st deep-water port
in the Pacific &
Northern
abolitionists saw
Oregon as a balance
to slave-state Texas
The Bear Flag Republic

Texas,
California
Like
California
settlers
used John operated as an
Fremont’s
occupation
of
independent
nation;
the California
California during the
Republic
existed
for
one
month
from
Mexican-American War as an
June 1846totorevolt
Julyfrom
1846 when it was
opportunity
Mexico
in 1846 by the United States
annexed
California became a U.S. state as
part of the Compromise of 1850
The California Gold Rush

 The discovery of gold in 1848 led to a massive influx of
prospectors in 1849 (the “forty-niners”):
 Few miners struck it rich
 The real money made in CA was in supplying miners with
food, saloons, & provisions
 The gold rush led to a population boom, increase in
agriculture, & multicultural Californian society

Review

 Crash Course History: War & Expansion