INCREASING CONSUMPTION OF
TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS
Dr. Izham Ahmad
Chief Executive Officer
International Tropical Fruits Network
(TFNet)
WHO/FAO Workshop on Fruit and Vegetables for Health
15 – 16 August 2006 – Seoul, Korea
DISCUSSION TOPICS
1
INTRODUCTION
2
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
3
CONSUMPTION TREND
4
NUTRITION AND HEALTH
5
CONCLUSION
1
INTRODUCTION
TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT INDUSTRY
 An important sector in many countries:
 Generating income
 Providing employment to both upstream
and downstream sub-sectors
 Earning foreign exchange
 Source of nutrition and dietary
requirement for a healthy population
TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT INDUSTRY
Scenario during the last 5 years (2000 – 2004):
 World production registered annual growth of 3.5%
 Production of all fruits has increased by 19.2%
 World tropical fruit market remain dynamic with
significant growth in trade volumes and values
 Export value for fresh tropical fruits was estimated at
US $14.96 billion in 2004
2
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
GLOBAL TROPICAL FRUIT PRODUCTION
 Annual production growth
rate:
 2000 – 2004 = 3.5 %
 Total Production increased
by 19.2 %
 from 227 million tonnes
in 2000 to 270 million
tonnes in 2004
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
World Production of Major Tropical Fruits
Watermelon registered the largest production volume during the last 5 years.
With an annual growth rate 4.8%, the production of 95.3 million tonnes in 2004
accounted for 35.3 % of total global production of tropical fruits.
Year (Annual Production 1,000 tonnes)
Annual
Growth
Rate
20002004 (%)
%
increase
2000 2004
Fruits
1995 1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Watermelons
55,054
74,923
80,930
88,613
94,034
95,293
35.3
4.8
27.2
Bananas
58,004
62,758
64,343
67,421
68,908
71,225
26.4
2.5
13.5
Mangoes
22,938
24,667
24,905
26,498
27,134
27,159
10.1
1.9
10.1
Other melons
16,758
19,576
23,960
25,287
26,264
27,155
10.1
6.5
38.7
Pineapples
12,957
14,316
14,894
14,967
15,708
16,054
5.9
2.3
12.1
Lemons & Limes
9,569
11,123
11,824
12,037
12,447
12,534
4.6
2.4
12.7
Papayas
4,991
5,806
6,232
6,507
6,762
6,752
2.5
3.0
16.3
Other Citrus Fruits
5,062
5,504
5,750
5,707
5,752
6,150
2.3
2.2
11.7
Grapefruit &
Pomelos
5,078
5,326
5,062
4,822
4,613
4,684
1.7
-2.6
-12.1
Avocados
2,287
2,668
2,818
2,993
3,165
3,070
1.1
2.8
15.1
192,699
226,666
240,718
254,853
264,788
270,075
100.0
3.5
19.2
TOTAL
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
World Production of Major Tropical Fruits
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
Production of Tropical Fruits by Regions
In 2004 Production by Regions:
 65.9% of Global Production from Asia (178 million tonnes)
 America: 19.7% (53 million tonnes)
 Africa: 9.3% (25 million tonnes)
 Europe: 3.6% (9.6 million tonnes)
 Latin America & Caribbean: 1.3% (3.4 million tonnes)
 Oceania: 0.3% (0.8million tonnes)
Production of Tropical Fruits by Regions
Year (Annual Production 1,000 tonnes)
Annual
Growth
Rate 20002004 (%)
%
increase
2000 2004
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
114,120
142,595
154,760
167,054
174,052
178,089
65.9
4.4
24.9
America
45,499
48,562
49,743
50,997
52,831
53,154
19.7
1.8
9.5
Africa
20,854
22,701
23,160
23,644
23,875
25,010
9.3
1.9
10.2
Europe
8,832
8,943
8,934
9,298
9,926
9,629
3.6
1.5
7.7
Latin America &
the Caribbean
2,695
3,081
3,213
3,010
3,311
3,383
1.3
1.9
9.8
698
784
908
851
793
811
0.3
0.7
3.4
192,699
226,666
240,718
254,853
264,788
270,075
100.0
3.5
19.2
Region
Asia
Oceania
TOTAL
1995-1999
(average)
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
Production of Tropical Fruits by Major Asian Countries
China is the world’s largest producer of tropical fruits, accounting for 54% of
world production in 2004.
China is world’s largest producer of watermelons (2004=68.3 million tonnes
which accounts for 72% of world production of 95.3 million tonnes)
Other major produce from China are other varieties of melons and bananas.
Year (Annual Production 1,000 tonnes)
Country
19951999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
20002004 (%)
%
increase
2000 2004
China
45,450
70,285
81,212
87,418
93,386
96,263
54.1
6.2
37.0
India
27,693
28,910
28,630
31,920
32,160
32,170
18.1
2.1
11.3
Philippines
6,378
7,620
7,848
8,231
8,444
8,740
4.9
2.7
14.7
Indonesia
5,164
5,597
6,361
7,186
7,398
7,976
4.5
7.0
42.5
Turkey
6,162
6,462
6,518
7,143
6,748
6,393
3.6
-0.2
-1.1
Thailand
5,625
6,255
6,165
5,876
6,153
6,354
3.6
0.3
1.6
17,648
17,466
18,026
19,280
19,762
20,192
11.3
2.9
15.6
114,120
142,595
154,760
167,054
174,052
178,089
100.0
4.4
24.9
Others
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
Production of Tropical Fruits by Countries in East Asia
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
20002004
(%)
%
increase
2000 2004
Year (Annual Production 1,000 tonnes)
Country
19951999
(Average)
2000
2001
2002
45,450
70,285
81,212
87,418
93,386
96,263
97.8
6.2
37.0
Korea, Republic
of
1,256
1,257
1,220
1,088
1,024
1,068
1.1
-3.3
-15.0
Japan
1,247
1,166
1,138
1,028
949
896
0.9
-5.2
-23.2
204
214
217
224
224
224
0.2
0.9
4.4
48,158
72,922
83,788
89,758
95,583
98,450
100.0
6.0
35.0
China
Korea, Dem
People's Rep
Total
2003
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS
 The global export value of tropical fruits in 2004 is estimated at US$15
billion.
 Although Asia is the largest producer of tropical fruits, it is not the largest
exporter
Asia ranks 2nd to America in terms of volume exported
However, the volume of Asian exports had increased by two folds during
the last 5 years with an annual growth of 13.3%
The exports from Asia in 2004 was valued at US$2.5 billion.
 America is the world’s largest exporter, accounting for 46% of total export
volume in 2004
Exports from America had increased from 14.4 million tonnes in 2000 to
16.5 million tonnes in 2004, an increase of 6.6% with annual growth of 1.3%
The exports from America in 2004 was estimated at US$6.1 billion.
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS
2000 – 2004 Export Quantity
2000 – 2004 Export Value
 Annual growth rate = 5.3%
 Annual growth rate = 7.5%
 Value increased by 46.2% from
 Quantity increased by 30.7% from
27.5 million tonnes in 2000 to 35.9
million tonnes in 2004
US$10.24 billion in 2000 to
US$14.98 billion in 2004
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT QUANTITY OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS (1,000 tonnes)
 Bananas dominate global export market, followed by pineapples
 2004: export quantity of bananas = 15.77 million tonnes = 44% of global export
 Pineapples shown significant growth with export volumes increased by 163%
during last 5 years
Year
Annual
Growth Rate
2000 - 2004
(%)
%
increase
2000 2004
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
13,444
15,056
15,111
15,037
16,280
15,770
43.9
0.9
4.7
Pineapples
2,599
2,975
3,168
3,394
4,097
7,837
21.8
18.0
163.4
Grapefruit & Pomelo
2,113
2,952
2,884
2,825
3,308
3,520
9.8
3.5
19.2
Lemons & Limes
1,832
2,224
2,332
2,608
2,642
2,769
7.7
4.4
24.5
Watermelons
1,355
1,440
1,363
1,642
1,683
1,900
5.3
5.5
31.9
Other melons
1,395
1,512
1,473
1,484
1,596
1,701
4.7
2.3
12.5
Mangoes
512
653
733
743
1,018
1,060
3.0
9.5
62.3
Other Citrus fruits
103
117
179
262
209
554
1.5
26.0
373.2
Avocados
266
362
322
427
416
493
1.4
6.1
36.2
Papaya
125
176
197
212
253
292
0.8
9.9
65.8
23,744
27,467
27,760
28,634
31,501
35,896
100.0
5.3
30.7
Fruit
Bananas
Total
1995-1999
(average)
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT VALUE OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS (million US$)
Year (million US$)
Fruits
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
%
of 2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
2000-2004
(%)
%
increase
2000 -2004
Bananas
4,937
5,087
5,219
5,430
6,012
6,650
44.4
5.3
30.7
Pineapples
1,230
1,213
1,340
1,599
2,120
2,424
16.2
13.3
99.8
Lemons & Limes
876
867
886
913
1,177
1,324
8.8
8.3
52.7
Grapefruits & Pomelo
718
785
726
803
919
1,029
6.9
5.4
31.1
Other Melons
655
652
675
678
839
916
6.1
6.8
40.6
Mangoes
489
559
599
602
787
836
5.6
7.9
49.6
Avocados
337
429
412
553
667
751
5.0
10.9
75.3
Watermelons
362
329
358
391
530
613
4.1
12.1
86.6
Other Citrus Fruits
193
211
236
210
209
230
1.5
1.7
8.8
83
111
123
130
162
202
1.4
11.6
81.8
9,881
10,243
10,575
11,308
13,420
14,975
100.0
7.5
46.2
Papayas
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS
Export Quantity 2004
Export Value 2004
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT QUANTITY OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS BY REGIONS
 America: largest exporting region for tropical fruits, with export volume of
15.5 million tonnes in 2004 accounting for 46% of total global exports
The major fruit exported by the American region is Bananas:
(In 2004 bananas exported: Ecuador
= 3.96 million tonnes
Costa Rica = 1.84 million tonnes
Guatemala = 1.08 million tonnes
Colombia = 1.3 million tonnes
USA’s main exported fruit in 2004 = 1.31 million tonnes of Grapefruits
 Asia is second largest exporting region, has registered a strong growth of
13.3% during last five years, with Philippines and Thailand as major
exporters
In 2004; Thailand’s exported 2.1 million tonnes of Pineapples
Philippines’ export : Bananas = 2.12 million tonnes
Pineapples = 1.5 million tonnes
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT QUANTITY OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS BY REGIONS
Year (Export Quantity 1,000 tonnes)
Annual
Growth
Rate
20002004
(%)
%
increase
2000 2004
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
14,420
15,526
15,341
16,310
17,627
16,548
46.1
1.3
6.6
Asia
4,400
5,192
5,486
5,271
6,288
10,370
28.9
13.3
99.7
Europe
3,347
4,725
5,003
5,101
5,521
6,628
18.5
6.7
40.3
Africa
1,100
1,406
1,409
1,480
1,595
1,795
5.0
4.9
27.6
435
584
486
414
426
477
1.3
-4.0
-18.3
41
33
35
58
45
78
0.2
16.0
133.1
23,744
27,467
27,760
28,634
31,501
35,896
100.0
5.3
30.7
Region
America
Latin America
& Caribbean
Oceania
Total
1995-1999
(average)
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT VALUE OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS BY REGIONS
Year (Export Value million US$)
Region
19951999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
20002004
(%)
%
increase
2000 2004
America
4,873
4,633
4,779
4,996
5,619
6,095
40.7
5.5
31.6
Europe
2,527
3,122
3,367
3,649
4,649
5,253
35.1
10.2
68.3
Asia
1,791
1,844
1,799
1,961
2,293
2,489
16.6
6.0
35.0
Africa
437
398
406
462
619
854
5.7
14.6
114.4
Latin America
& Caribbean
192
194
161
173
170
208
1.4
1.4
7.5
61
52
63
67
69
76
0.5
7.5
46.3
9,881
10,243
10,575
11,308
13,420
14,975
100.0
7.5
46.2
Oceania
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
EXPORT OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS BY REGIONS
Export Quantity by Regions, 2004
Export Value by Regions, 2004
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
QUANTITY OF EXPORT - MAJOR COUNTRIES
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
2000 – 2004
(%)
%
increase
2000 -2004
Year
Country
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Ecuador
4,132
4,272
4,322
4,543
5,058
4,105
11.4
-0.8
-3.9
Philippines
1,847
2,239
2,797
2,250
2,696
3,657
10.2
9.6
63.3
Costa Rica
2,522
2,622
2,581
2,610
2,889
2,809
7.8
1.4
7.1
710
1,104
905
881
1,175
2,797
7.8
17.4
153.2
USA
2,217
2,626
2,679
2,423
2,591
1,997
5.6
-5.4
-24.0
Mexico
1,153
1,284
1,216
1,233
1,364
1,784
5.0
6.5
38.9
Spain
1,247
1,285
1,355
1,285
1,393
1,577
4.4
4.1
22.8
Netherlands
609
558
707
659
983
1,352
3.8
16.6
142.4
Guatemala
782
1,022
988
1,043
1,012
1,319
3.7
5.1
29.0
Colombia
1,504
1,566
1,347
1,427
1,429
1,246
3.5
-4.6
-20.4
Others
7,021
8,888
8,863
10,280
10,911
13,252
36.9
7.9
49.1
23,744
27,467
27,760
28,634
31,501
35,896
100.0
5.3
30.7
Thailand
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
VALUE OF EXPORT - MAJOR COUNTRIES
Year
Countries
Ecuador
1995- 1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate 20002004 (%)
%
increase
2000 -2004
1,063
872
903
1,017
1,189
1,095.8
7.3
6.8
41.0
Spain
799
677
706
743
1,036
1,068.4
7.1
5.5
31.9
USA
941
931
918
945
1,014
1,035.9
6.9
0.6
3.2
Costa Rica
872
812
784
788
896
968.8
6.5
1.3
6.6
Mexico
540
568
583
554
747
935.8
6.2
11.0
75.5
Netherlands
473
376
453
510
725
775.7
5.2
11.3
79.2
Thailand
486
478
452
526
669
711.6
4.8
7.0
42.8
Philippines
452
527
547
548
662
609.2
4.1
7.8
48.4
Colombia
473
441
376
415
399
412.0
2.8
-1.8
-8.7
Guatemala
186
234
209
232
227
252.6
1.7
7.5
45.8
Others
3,596
4,328
4,644
5,030
5,856
7,109.4
47.5
10.7
72.9
Total
9,881
10,243
10,575
11,308
13,420
14,975
100.0
7.5
46.2
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
MAJOR EXPORTING COUNTRIES
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
IMPORT OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS
 Global imports of major tropical fruits during the last 5 years (20002004) had increased by 25.3% with an annual growth rate of 4.5%.
 Import volumes had increased from 28 million tonnes in 2000 to
35.1 million tonnes.
 Bananas dominate the import market, followed by pineapples.
 Global import value of tropical fruits in 2004 was estimated at
US$18 billion.
 50% of 2004 global imports was by European countries.
 USA is the largest importing country: importing 9 million tonnes,
worth US$3.4 million in 2004
IMPORT OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS
2000 – 2004 Import Quantity
2000 – 2004 Import Value
 Annual growth rate = 4.5%
 Annual growth rate = 6.6%
 Value increased by 39.7% from
 Quantity increased by 25.3% from
28 million tonnes in 2000 to
35million tonnes in 2004
US$12.8 billion in 2000 to US$18
billion in 2004
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
IMPORT QUANTITY OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS (1,000 tonnes)
Year
Annual
Growth
Rate 2000 2004 (%)
% increase
2000 -2004
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
12,528
14,494
13,686
14,007
14,921
15,222
43.4
1.0
5.0
Pineapples
3,037
3,352
3,581
4,237
4,731
7,953
22.7
16.3
137.3
Grapefruit&Pomelo
2,014
2,443
2,312
2,652
2,882
3,484
9.9
7.0
42.6
Lemons & limes
2,215
3,457
2,819
2,843
2,837
2,701
7.7
-4.9
-21.9
Watermelons
1,270
1,397
1,413
1,490
1,638
1,786
5.1
4.9
27.8
Other melons
1,354
1,538
1,543
1,606
1,768
1,678
4.8
1.7
9.1
Mangoes
471
605
653
716
773
1,004
2.9
9.9
66.0
Other citrus
252
237
252
518
572
539
1.5
15.6
127.6
Avocados
243
343
325
406
432
491
1.4
7.1
43.2
Papayas
109
134
158
172
206
238
0.7
11.1
76.9
23,493
28,000
26,741
28,648
30,761
35,095
100.0
4.5
25.3
Fruits
Bananas
Total
1995-1999
(average)
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
IMPORT VALUE OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS (million US$)
Year
Fruits
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
2000 2004 (%)
% increase
2000 -2004
Bananas
6,644
6,667
6,472
6,484
7,861
8,719
48.6
5.3
30.8
Pineapples
1,528
1,589
1,688
1,907
2,476
2,825
15.7
11.2
77.8
Lemons & Limes
958
958
961
1,032
1,250
1,422
7.9
7.8
48.4
Grapefruit&pomelo
889
967
958
974
1,107
1,143
6.4
3.3
18.2
Other melons
789
799
836
814
1,031
1,066
5.9
5.7
33.4
Mangoes
540
658
696
690
880
920
5.1
6.6
39.7
Avocados
389
498
495
554
787
849
4.7
10.4
70.5
Watermelons
399
387
420
390
545
538
3.0
6.5
39.0
Other citrus
169
186
205
207
251
239
1.3
5.1
29.0
Papayas
100
135
150
160
188
227
1.3
10.2
68.0
12,405
12,845
12,881
13,212
16,376
17,950
100.0
6.6
39.7
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
IMPORT OF FRESH TROPICAL FRUITS
Import Quantity 2004
Import Value 2004
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
IMPORT QUANTITY OF TROPICAL FRUITS BY REGIONS (1,000 tonnes)
2004:

Europe is the largest importing region (50% of 2004 total imports)
- major importing countries are Germany (3 million tonnes),
Netherlands (2.5 mil tonnes), France (1.7 mil tonnes) & UK (1.7 mil
tonnes)
 USA : largest importing country: 9 million tonnes (US$3.4 billion)
Year (Import quantity 1,000 tonnes)
Region
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
2000 - 2004
(%)
%
increase
2000 -2004
Europe
10,247
12,166
12,405
13,807
15,081
17,528
49.9
7.2
44.1
America
9,312
11,246
10,040
10,119
10,508
10,979
31.3
-0.5
-2.4
Asia
3,654
4,258
3,852
4,143
4,606
5,962
17.0
6.7
40.0
Africa
114
134
254
374
348
311
0.9
15.9
132.4
Oceania
133
126
124
147
158
249
0.7
13.1
97.4
33
70
67
57
59
67
0.2
-0.9
-4.4
23,493
28,000
26,741
28,648
30,761
35,095
100.0
4.5
25.3
Latin America &
Caribbean
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
IMPORT VALUE OF TROPICAL FRUITS BY REGIONS (million US$)
Year (Import Value million US$)
Region
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth Rate
2000 - 2004
(%)
% increase
2000 -2004
Europe
6,721
6,608
6,852
7,512
9,633
10,800
60.2
9.6
63.4
America
3,285
3,589
3,672
3,215
4,061
4,202
23.4
3.1
17.1
Asia
2,237
2,478
2,137
2,242
2,395
2,636
14.7
1.2
6.4
Africa
57
63
103
118
142
161
0.9
17.6
157.0
Oceania
92
87
92
106
127
137
0.8
8.9
57.5
Latin America &
Caribbean
14
21
25
18
18
14
0.1
-7.3
-30.9
12,405
12,845
12,881
13,212
16,376
17,950
100.0
6.6
39.7
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
MAJOR ASIAN IMPORTING COUNTRIES
 JAPAN is the largest importer in East Asia.
2004 imports : Bananas = 1.1 million tonnes;
Grapefruits = 0.73 million tonnes;
Pineapples = 0.37 million tonnes
 CHINA imports in 2004: Bananas = 0.67 million tonnes;
Watermelons = 0.33 million tonnes
Year
Countries
Annual
Growth
Rate 2000
- 2004 (%)
% increase
2000 -2004
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Japan
1,561
1,824
1,763
1,911
1,968
2,473
6.0
35.6
China
787
920
753
773
808
1,105
3.7
20.1
Korea, Republic of
168
224
241
250
287
325
7.4
45.2
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
3
CONSUMPTION OF TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL FRUITS
Consumption of fruits plays an important role in
providing a nutritious diet
Recommended daily intake of fruits is more than 400
grams per day
or equivalent to about 150 kg per person per year
(FAO/WHO Expert Consultation 2003)
This section examines the consumption trend of major tropical and
subtropical fruits during the last five years
GLOBAL CONSUMPTION TREND
 Increasing trend in global consumption of tropical & subtropical fruits
 2000-2004: annual growth rate of 3.3%
 Annual consumption increased by 18% from 193 million tonnes in 2000
to 228 million tonnes in 2004
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
GLOBAL PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
 Healthy increasing trend in per capita consumption
 2000-2004: average annual per cap. consumption = 34.4 kg/yr
 2004 global per cap. consumption
= 36 kg / yr = 24% of recommended intake of fruits (150 kg/yr)
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
WORLD CONSUMPTION TREND of MAJOR TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS
 2000-2004: Annual consumption = 213 million tonnes with growth rate of 3.3%
 Watermelons rank highest in global consumption:
 Average annual consumption of 71 million tonnes; Annual Growth Rate of 4.9%
Year (1,000 tonnes)
Fruits
19951999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
% of
2004
Total
Annual
Growth
Rate
2000 2004 (%)
Annual
Average
('000
tonnes/y
r)
Watermelons
44,669
61,501
66,651
72,933
77,381
78,741
34.6
4.9
71,441
Bananas
47,588
52,219
53,204
56,534
57,410
59,482
26.1
2.6
55,770
Mangoes
20,593
22,138
22,298
23,812
24,148
22,827
10.0
0.6
23,045
Other melons
13,435
15,936
19,853
20,916
21,850
22,401
9.8
6.7
20,191
Pineapples
12,055
13,187
13,600
14,212
14,794
14,687
6.4
2.2
14,096
Lemons & Limes
8,966
11,226
11,043
11,072
11,307
11,171
4.9
-0.1
11,164
Papayas
4,280
4,970
5,329
5,588
5,798
5,844
2.6
3.2
5,506
Other citrus
4,599
4,987
5,183
5,380
5,537
5,555
2.4
2.2
5,328
Grapefruit&pome
lo
4,440
4,335
4,094
4,264
4,274
4,431
1.9
0.4
4,280
Avocados
1,994
2,337
2,488
2,613
2,812
2,699
1.2
2.9
2,590
162,617
192,836
203,743
217,325
225,312
227,837
100.0
3.3
213,411
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION of MAJOR TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS
 Per capita consumption of most major tropical fruits has shown positive
increases
 Watermelons rank highest in per cap. consumption of 12.3 kg/yr in 2004, with
3.9% annual growth rate
Year (kg/cap/yr)
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Annual Growth
Rate 2000 2004 (%)
Watermelons
7.64
10.12
10.86
11.77
12.26
12.33
3.9
11.4
Bananas
8.14
8.60
8.67
9.12
9.10
9.31
1.6
8.9
Mangoes
3.52
3.64
3.63
3.84
3.83
3.57
-0.4
3.7
Other melons
2.30
2.62
3.24
3.37
3.46
3.51
5.8
3.2
Pineapples
2.06
2.17
2.22
2.29
2.34
2.30
1.2
2.3
Lemons & Limes
1.53
1.85
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.75
-1.1
1.8
Papayas
0.73
0.82
0.87
0.90
0.93
0.92
2.3
0.9
Other citrus
0.79
0.82
0.84
0.87
0.88
0.87
1.2
0.9
Grapefruit&pomelo
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.69
0.68
0.69
-0.6
0.7
Avocados
0.34
0.38
0.41
0.42
0.45
0.42
1.9
0.4
Total
27.82
31.74
33.20
35.06
35.98
36.02
2.3
34.4
Fruits
Annual
Average
(kg/cap/yr)
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
REGIONAL CONSUMPTION of MAJOR TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS
 Asia registered the highest consumption quantity with an
annual average of 137 million tonnes per year.
 Can be attributed to the fact that Asia is the largest producer.
Year (1000 tonnes)
Region
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Annual Growth
Rate 2000 2004 (%)
Annual
Average ('000
tonnes/yr)
Asia
96,084
120,150
129,896
140,800
146,605
145,850
3.9
136,660
America
33,728
37,599
38,151
38,518
39,817
40,236
1.4
38,865
Africa
16,976
18,430
18,903
19,419
19,451
20,753
2.4
19,391
Europe
13,139
13,811
13,697
15,535
16,366
17,734
5.0
15,429
1,935
2,014
2,156
2,149
2,215
2,357
3.1
2,178
754
830
940
905
858
907
1.8
888
162,617
192,836
203,743
217,325
225,312
227,837
3.3
213,411
Latin America
& Caribbean
Oceania
Total
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
REGIONAL PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
 The Latin America & Caribbean region has the highest rate
50kg/cap/yr in 2004.
 In America, the average per capita consumption is 48 kg/yr
 Asia is third in ranking with an average of 38 kg/cap/yr.
Year
Region
Annual
Growth
Rate 2000
- 2004 (%)
Annual
Average
(kg/cap/yr)
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Latin America &
Caribbean
44.31
44.23
46.92
46.35
47.34
49.93
2.4
47
America
44.26
47.10
47.29
47.24
48.32
48.32
0.5
48
Asia
27.21
32.68
34.97
37.51
38.66
38.06
3.0
36
Oceania
25.31
26.81
30.04
28.63
26.89
28.11
1.0
28
Europe
18.05
18.97
18.83
21.37
22.53
24.44
5.0
21
Africa
22.86
23.17
23.33
23.54
23.16
24.26
0.9
23
Total
27.82
31.74
33.20
35.06
35.98
36.02
2.5
34
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRIES
 China is the largest trop. fruit consuming country with a annual
growth rate of 6% during the last 5 years.
 The other large consuming countries are India and USA
Year
Country
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Annual
Growth
Rate 2000 2004 (%)
Annual
Average
(1,000
tonnes/yr)
China
39,818
61,303
70,523
75,826
80,894
83,210
6.1
74,351
India
23,747
24,726
24,490
27,199
27,285
26,329
1.3
26,006
USA
10,992
12,190
11,344
11,213
11,526
12,078
-0.2
11,670
Brazil
7,997
8,352
9,429
10,396
11,043
10,864
5.2
10,017
Mexico
5,619
6,836
7,307
7,123
7,548
7,301
1.3
7,223
Indonesia
4,320
4,822
5,494
6,211
6,344
6,081
4.6
5,790
Nigeria
4,540
4,885
4,890
4,903
4,900
4,904
0.1
4,896
Iran, Islamic Rep of
3,438
3,372
3,489
3,989
4,102
4,230
4.5
3,836
Philippines
3,891
4,526
4,175
5,033
5,057
3,964
-2.6
4,551
Egypt
2,763
3,504
3,340
3,241
3,201
3,327
-1.0
3,323
World
162,617
192,836
203,743
217,325
225,312
227,837
3.3
213,411
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRIES
 Ecuador has the highest per cap consumption rate of 104 kg/yr
 Dominican Republic is second highest with 87 kg/cap/yr
Annual
Growth
Rate
2000 2004 (%)
Annual
Average
(kg/cap/yr)
Country
1995-1999
(average)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Ecuador
85.1
99.3
89.1
97.5
87.9
103.5
0.8
93.7
Dominican Republic
76.5
63.5
78.3
87.7
83.1
86.8
6.2
79.3
Cuba
56.3
59.7
61.1
52.6
59.7
71.4
3.5
60.1
Mexico
59.6
69.1
72.7
69.9
73.0
69.6
0.1
69.0
China
31.9
47.8
54.6
58.2
61.7
63.0
5.5
52.8
Iran, Islamic Rep of
53.7
50.7
51.9
58.6
59.5
60.7
3.6
55.9
Brazil
48.4
48.6
54.2
59.0
61.9
60.2
4.2
55.4
Haiti
57.2
65.8
62.2
61.8
62.5
57.0
-2.8
61.1
Venezuela,Bolivar Rep of
65.9
60.8
57.7
57.6
55.2
50.7
-3.6
58.0
Philippines
54.5
59.8
54.1
64.1
63.2
48.7
-4.1
57.4
World
27.82
31.74
33.20
35.06
35.98
36.02
2.5
34.4
(Data Source: FAOSTAT)
4
NUTRITION AND HEALTH
Why Tropical Fruits?
 full of vitamins and minerals
 contain micronutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidants
 high in dietary fibre
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
“… foods possess physiological benefits beyond basic nutritional
functions.
… market for functional foods is being driven by a growing
consumer understanding of diet/disease links, aging populations,
rising health care costs, and advances in food technology and
nutrition” - WHO
Phytochemicals found in Tropical Fruits together
with the recognized nutrients act synergistically
to lower the risk of diseases
By: Samir Samman
Proceedings of the International Technical & Trade Seminar on Tropical & Subtropical
Fruits
INNOVATION FOR NEW AND PROCESSED PRODUCT
TYPES OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN TROPICAL FRUITS
Limonine in guava and lime have the potential to
conjugate carcinogens and facilitate their excretion
Isoprenoid products such as carotenoids, found in
mango and papaya, can also act as antioxidants
Phytosterols in pineapple and avocado, which
interfere with the absorption of cholesterol, provides
protection against cardiovascular disease
Boron in avocado has an oestrogenic effect and a
range of biological actions
Protein in Papaya
PROTEIN TYPES
FUNCTION / USAGE
Isoleucine
For growth, intelligence development and nitrogen balance
Leucine
Increase muscular energy levels and stimulate brain function
Lysine
Forming blood antibodies, improves circulatory system and
promotes cell growth
Methionine
Metabolizing fats and lipids for healthy liver and calm the nerves
Threonine
Improves competence of intestines and aids digestion
Trytophane
Enhances the B group vitamins and improves nerve fibres as for
emotional stability and calmness
Valine
Assists co-ordination of muscular system and improve mental
capacity
Cystine
Aids with pancreatic health, stabilizes blood sugar and alleviating
food allergies
Glutamic Acid
Reduce the craving for alcohol and stabilize mental health
Tyrosine
Slow the ageing of cells and suppresses hunger, coloration of hair
and skin, and sun-burn protection
Guava – A Healing Remedy Worldwide
COUNTRY
FUNCTION / USAGE
Cuba
Cold, stomach and intestinal disorders
Ghana &
Central Africa
Toothache, wounds, intestinal cramps, diarrhoea, rheumatism,
vertigo, nausea, kidney infections, colds, mouth inflammations,
fevers, epilepsy, cholera,bronchitis, coughs and colds, insomnia and
the leaves against worms
Malaysia
Dermatitis, hysteria, epilepsy, diarrhoea, emmenagogue fevers
Philipines
Wounds, sores, astringent, childbirth. Fruit juice to strengthen the
heart
Trinidad
Diarrhoea, stomach and intestinal disorders (infusion)
Haiti
Stomach and intestinal disorders, antiseptic, astringent diarrhoea,
piles, wounds, skin diseases, epilepsy
New Guinea
Against itching insect bites
Tonga
Stomach-aches
Tahiti
Skin tonic
West Indian
Islands
Epilepsy, coughs
Guava – A Healing Remedy Worldwide (Continued)
COUNTRY
FUNCTION / USAGE
Brazil
Haemorrhoids, mouth inflammations, diarrhoea
China
Diabetes
Mexico
Stomach-aches, diarrhoea (Infusion from leaves and bark), ulcers and
wounds, swellings
Hawaii
Diarrhoea (chew the fresh young leaves)
Chile & Peru
Chewing the leaves for the strengthening of the gums
Panama
Chew the leaves against toothache
Samoa
The leaves as cough medicines and as an antidote against all kinds
of poisonings
Asia
In some south Asian countries as well as in China, a narcotic psidium
drug is produced by feeding exclusively guava leaves to insects,
particularly to grasshoppers. The excrement of the insects is
collected, kneaded to small balls, dried and stored airtight. Some of
these “pills” are dissolved in hot water and taken if required
Source : Papaya & Guava as Medicine – A Safe & Cheap Form of
Food Therapy (Pelanduk Publications 2001)
Campaigns for Increasing Fruit Consumption
Campaigns for Increasing Fruit Consumption
“5 A Day” National Programme:
• increasing the availability of fruit in schools and
worksites,
• changing national policies to influence fruit intake,
• reaching poor and disadvantaged population
groups to reduce health inequities.
( WHO No communicable Disease Prevention & Health Promotion Department [NPH] 2003 )
United States “5 A Day Program”
• One in five Americans eats his/her five a day fruits &
vegetables.
• Fruits consumption of 5 to 9 servings a day will
lead to healthy lifestyles.
• Awareness of this recommendation has increased
from 22% in 1992 to 40% in 2002.
( US Department of Agriculture )
European “5 A-Day”
• 20 out of 25 European nations fail to meet World
Health Organisation (WHO) produce consumption
standards.
•
Three effective interventions:
 Workplace fruit (free fruit to employees)
 School fruit snack (parent paid) and
 Catering initiatives at worksite restaurants
• The UK Department of Health is promoting
the ‘5 A-Day’ logo as part of a wider
message drive to improve the overall
health of the British people.
( UK Department of Health )
Philippines “Give-Me-Five Program”
• Promotion fruit and vegetable growing through
backyard gardening
• Promotion higher consumption of fruit among the
middle-aged and elderly population of the country.
• The per capita consumption of fruits in the
Philippines is very low – 0.02kg per day.
( Philippines National Nutrition Council )
5
CONCLUSION
1. Development of the industry
The tropical and subtropical fruit industry is a
vibrant industry with healthy expansion in
production, international trade and consumption.
The industry should be further exploited for the
development of new products, especially processed
products as these fruits are highly perishable.
Development of new innovations for the extraction
of phytochemical, nutraceuticals and metabolites
found in tropical fruits.
2. Development of a “Global Information System”
Tropical and subtropical fruits are important sources for
human nutrition. However, of late there are numerous
claims on the health benefits and disease prevention
properties of these fruits.
There is a need to develop a credible and reliable
information system to educate the consumers on the
consumption of fruits and their benefits – development of
a well-informed society.
The Information System could also include statistics on
production, international trade, consumption on major
and minor fruits.
3. Partnership Projects
The following partnership projects are proposed for further
development of the tropical and subtropical fruit sector;
i.
Tropical Fruit Consumption Campaign & Human Health
ii.
Conservation and Utilisation of Traditional Fruit Species
iii. Nutritional Studies:
 Nutrient Contents of fruit species
 Epidemoiological Studies
 Phytochemicals / Metabolites in Fruits
iv. Organic Fruit Cultivation
v.
Global Information System
• Production
• Trade
• Consumption
• Nutrition and health
THANK
YOU
for your kind attention
….5 servings of tropical fruits a day,
keep the medicine man away!
Linking People, Technology & Market