Bacteria
Described species: 4 000
Estimated total species: 1 000 000
The Convention on Biological Diversity
http://www.biodiv.org/convention/default.shtml
Helicobacter pylori
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Bizzozero, G (1893) Arch.
Mikr. Anat. 42: 82-152
Janulaityte-Gunther D, Gunther T, Pavilonis A,
Kupcinskas L.
What Bizzozero never could imagine Helicobacter pylori today and tomorrow.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2003;39(6):542-9
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
"for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori
and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"
Barry J. Marshall
Australia
b. 1951
J. Robin Warren
Australia
b. 1937
Prix Nobel 2005 en Sciences
Colloque de la Faculté des Sciences
….nous guideront vers une
appréciation des raisons
scientifiques de ces Prix Nobel…
.
Prevalence and Incidence of Peptic Ulcer
Prevalance Rate: 1 in 54 or 5 million people in USA
Incidence extrapolations for USA for Peptic Ulcer: 7 per
minute
Lifetime risk for Peptic Ulcer: 1 in 10 Americans over
lifetime
Probably most common chronic disease of humans. Human populations
throughout the world affected. Incidence increases with age and occurs earlier and
at increased rates in the developing world and lower socioeconomic groups. Up to
90% of some populations affected.
…. en 1987!
Excerpts from Causes of Peptic Ulcer: a Selective Epidemiological Review
by M. Susser, published in the Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol. 20 pp. 435456, 1967
"...certain patterns of relationships were more common in 'ulcer' families.
Thus the mothers of ulcer patients tended to have psychogenic
symptoms, and to be striving, obsessional, and dominant in the home;
fathers tended to be steady, unassertive, and passive."
"The description of these families...emphasizes the conflict in duodenal
ulcer patients between dependence engendered by a powerful mother
and demands of adult roles."
"The variations in peptic ulcer in different geographical, historical, and
social contexts are unequivocal evidence of the influence of ways of life in
this disease. The specific elements that contribute to the variations probably
include diet, alcohol, cigarette smoking, emotional strain, personality, and
genotype... . This does not exclude the possibility that a major single
causal effect awaits discovery."
1979
http://www.helico.com/
Warren J. R. (1983)
Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric
epithelium in active chronic gastritis
Lancet (i): 1273
Marshall B. J. & Warren J. R. (1984)
Unidentified curved bacilli in the
stomach of patients with gastritis and
peptic ulceration
Lancet (i): 1311-1314
« I preferred to believe my
eyes, not the medical
textbooks of the medical
fraternity »
R. Warren (2002)
Koch's Postulates
I. The organism, a germ, should always be found microscopically in
the bodies of animals having the disease and in that disease only; it
should occur in such numbers and be distributed in such a manner as
to explain the lesions of the disease.
II. The germ should be obtained from the diseased animal and
grown outside the body.
III. The inoculation of these germs, grown in pure cultures, freed
by successive transplantations from the smallest particle of matter
taken from the original animal, should produce the same disease in
a susceptible animal.
IV. The germs should be found in the diseased areas so produced in
the animal.
Marshall BJ, Armstrong JA, McGechie DB, Glancy RJ
(1985)
Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric
Campylobacter.
A volunteer with histologically normal gastric mucosa
received pyloric campylobacter by mouth. A mild illness
developed, which lasted 14 days. Histologically proven
gastritis was present on the tenth day after the ingestion of
bacteria, but this had largely resolved by the fourteenth
day. The syndrome of acute pyloric campylobacter
gastritis is described. It is proposed that this disorder may
progress to a chronic infection which predisposes to peptic
ulceration.
Med J Aust. 1985 Apr 15;142(8):436-9.
PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- Adheres to gastric epithelium
- Lives within mucous gel layer overlying gastric epithelium
- Penetrates intercellular junctions
- Invades gastric glands and canaliculi of parietal cells
- Produces cytotoxins that may play role in pathogenicity
- Induces epithelial cytolysis and disrupts intercellular junctions
- Increases permeability of mucous layer to hydrogen ions and
pepsin
- Enables gastric acid and pepsin to create ulcer craters
- Evades host immune defenses
- Damages tissue
- Secretes urease to produce ammonia, which protects it from
gastric acid
Famous People with Helicobacters!
I am compiling a bit of a list: Can you add to it?
1.
Ayatollah Khomeini; (Died from intestinal bleeding, most Iranians
have HP).
2.
Lorne Greene; (Of Bonanza fame. Died from peptic ulcers and
pneumonia complication, I only know what I saw on the cover of National
Enquirer).
3.
James Joyce; (Family history of stomach cancer and died of a
perforated ulcer as per your letter). Most people born before 1940 would have
had HP as adults, especially in Ireland.
4.
George Bush; (At one time in the 60's had a duodenal ulcer; lots of
men in the CIA have HP because they have lived overseas, particularly Latin
America.)
5.
Pope John Paul II; (Had gastric bleeding in the 1980's. Most Popes
have HP).
6.
Imelda Marcos; (Had gastritis and gastric bleeding during her N.Y. court
case; most Filipinos have HP).
7.
Stonewall Jackson; (Was known as a terribly grumpy dyspeptic by his
doctor!). HP infection rate was very high in USA before 1900.
8.
My great grandfather. (A Scott. Bled to death in hospital with a
duodenal ulcer. Family blamed his fondness of citrus fruit!)
9.
My father in-law; (Gastric problems ever since WW2. Blamed army
food! Better since treated for HP in 1993!)
.
Prix Nobel 2005 en Sciences
Colloque de la Faculté des Sciences
…nous présenteront les domaines
de recherches et d’applications
concernés…
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f
cgi?CMD=search&DB=PubMed
Nature 388, 539 - 547 (07 August 1997)
The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori
JEAN-F. TOMB*, OWEN WHITE*, ANTHONY R. KERLAVAGE*, REBECCA A. CLAYTON*,
GRANGER G. SUTTON*, ROBERT D. FLEISCHMANN*, KAREN A. KETCHUM*,
HANS PETER KLENK*, STEVEN GILL*, BRIAN A. DOUGHERTY*, KAREN NELSON*,
JOHN QUACKENBUSH*, LIXIN ZHOU*, EWEN F. KIRKNESS*, SCOTT PETERSON*,
BRENDAN LOFTUS*, DELWOOD RICHARDSON*, ROBERT DODSON*, HANIF G. KHALAK*,
ANNA GLODEK*, KEITH MCKENNEY*, LISA M. FITZEGERALD*, NORMAN LEE*,
MARK D. ADAMS*, ERIN K. HICKEY*, DOUGLAS E. BERG†, JEANINE D. GOCAYNE*,
TERESA R. UTTERBACK*, JEREMY D. PETERSON*, JENNY M. KELLEY*,
MATTHEW D. COTTON*, JANICE M. WEIDMAN*, CLAIRE FUJII*, CHERYL BOWMAN*,
LARRY WATTHEY*, ERIK WALLIN‡, WILLIAM S. HAYES§, MARK BORODOVSKY§, *
The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
† Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Washington University St Louis, 660 S.
Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
‡ Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
§ School of Biology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California
94025, USA
¶ Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University,
725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
http://www.helicobacter.
org/2005/content/helico2
005.htm
http://rch.adre.ucl.ac.be/search_project.php?eid=1&cid=&newlang=&username=&
Prix Nobel 2005 en Sciences
Colloque de la Faculté des Sciences
….domaines autour desquels
s’articulent également des
recherches poursuivies en Faculté
des Sciences….
« The development of an efficacious vaccine against
infection with Helicobacter pylori, the causative
agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and
gastric adenocarcinoma, remains a challenge (..) We
have evaluated the potential of recombinant
Lactobacillus strains producing H. pylori urease B
(UreB) subunit to deliver this antigen to the
gastrointestinal tract. »
B. Corthésy, S. Boris, P. Isler, C. Grangette & A. Mercenier J. Inf. Diseases (2005)192:1441-1449
… Reduction of Helicobacter felis load
in the stomachs of mice was observed
only after immunization with the Alr(25)
mutant strain MD007 . Our data
(..) mark the Alr- MD007 mutant as a
substantially improved delivery system
that is also applicable to weak
antigens.
(25) Palumbo E… Deghorain M… & Hols P Knockout of the alanine
racemase gene in Lactobacillus plantarum results in septation defects
and cell wall perforation. FEMS Microbiol Lett (2004)
T’en fais pas, Papy, c’est pas
grave!
Camille
4 ans
Camille
4 ans
Toute ressemblance avec un collègue mort ou vif est purement fortuite