Accessing the offshore wind market Fred Mead, EBC David Terry, RESCO 25 February 2010 Business Opportunities in the Wind Energy Market Bob Turner – Director – Quadcom Limited Vestas 2MW turbines Installed at North Hoyle and Scroby Sands (Round 1 farms) Conventional geared design Rotor dia: 80m Nominal rotor speed: 17rpm Tower: height 67m Wind speed: 4m/s to 25m/s 4 to 5 miles offshore Siemens 3.6MW at Burbo Bank Rotor dia: 107m Hub height: 83.5m Total weight: 800tonnes Nacelle – 125T Rotor – 95T Tower – 180T Foundations – 400T Monopiles: 52m ~4miles from shore Wind Turbines Review of Main Components Nordex N80 2.5MW Rotor dia: 80m Main wind turbine components Rotor Hub Drive Train Composite s Control System s Electrical Structural Rotor Hub •Rotor hub connects the rotor blades to the main shaft (low speed) •Contains the equipment to alter the pitch of the blades •Subject to high and variable stress levels from the blades Typical hub casting Material - EN-GJS-400-18 LT/DIN, EN 1563 Weight 6,000kgs Length 2,160mm Width 2,680mm Height 2,320mm Blade Pitching Systems •Enables the rotor blades to turn about longitudinal axis •Blade bearings need to withstand variable and heavy loads as well as vibration •Individual regulation of the pitch of each blade is microprocessor controlled •Hydraulic or electrically operated systems Yawing mechanism •Yaw system aligns rotor axis with wind direction to extract maximum energy •Exact alignment avoids stresses on the turbine caused by oblique wind flow •Yawing achieved by four geared motors operating on external gear teeth of bearing •Hydraulically or electrically actuated •Anchored by 10 yaw brake callipers •Need to be checked and lubricated regularly Fasteners •Major components joined by bolts •Foundations, tower and main frame generally require pre-tensioned bolting with well defined mechanical properties •Wide range of fasteners required for ancillaries •4 tonnes of fasteners per turbine Rotor hub - Development Blade bearings (operation more demanding) Hub casting (heavy mass) Control systems (increasingly complex) Hydraulics (more responsive blade control) Size (responding to reqts of larger turbines) Fasteners (intelligent designs) Shafts •Low speed main shaft between hub and gearbox ~20rpm •High speed shaft between gearbox and generator 1500rpm •Typically forged alloy steel (grade 30 CrNiMo 8) •Solid and hollow variants Example of shaft specification Length - 2,950mm Shaft diameter - 600mm Flange diameter - 1,470mm Weight - 7,200kg Steel - 30 CrNiMo 8 (1.6580) Yield stress - >600N/mm² UTS - >800N/mm² Impact - >35J (Charpy ISO-V) Gearboxes •Step up low rotor shaft speed to the high speed needed to drive the generator •Bearings require high quality lubricants to prevent damage •Oil filtering and cooling systems are important •Regular monitoring and maintenance required •Many gearboxes replaced due to premature bearing failure Typical gearbox 3 stage planetary/spur Nominal power 1,615MW Nominal torque 916kNm Ratio 1 : 104.2 Gears & Gear Carriers Drive train - Development • UK gearbox (OEM?, design, gears) • Castings (carriers, housings, heat treatment, machining) • Drive shafts (forged, hollow, composite, flexible couplings, brakes & hydraulics) • Bearings (& housings) • Vibration (suppression, accommodation & monitoring) • Lubrication (materials, sensing & systems) • Condition monitoring (remote, data handling) • Refurbishment & repair (operator demands for local capabilities) • Research & Testing (Drive Unit – Newcastle University, BGA, CMF, CTI) Rotor blades •Usually made from either GRP or wood laminate •Manufactured in one piece up to 60 metres long •Longer blades may require 2/3 part construction •Regular inspection and repair of tears and small cracks in blades required •Need to be cleaned •Lifespan? (Re-blading) Canopies and Spinners •Usually GRP •Weight and rigidity important •Nacelle canopy typically 22m long 12m wide,weighing 9 tonnes •Spinner covers the hub and pitch assemblies Composites - Development • Currently ~25% of wind turbine produced from composites • Possibly ~50% could be in composites • Blades (& blade tooling) • Structural & engineering composites present opportunities • National Composites Network (partnering) • Carbon fibre (shortages) • Recycling of composites (needs to improve) • Maintenance & repair (local opportunities) Grid connection • Internal cabling usually 690 V •Standard electrical equipment used for connection to grid •Substations, transformers, switchgear, capacitors, protection and control equipment •Parameters defined by grid operator for quality of electricity produced: voltage frequency reactive power Generators •Synchronous or asynchronous generators •Synchronous use electromagnets in the rotor fed by DC from electrical grid •Most wind turbines now use three phase asynchronous (induction) generators •Speed variation with torque level important •Ring generators (e.g.Enercon) do not require a gearbox Generator performance •Main failures are bearings and electrical insulation •Bearings damaged by high and alternating loads and insufficient lubrication •Bearings replaced several times during life of wind turbine •Closed ventilation circuits for offshore to minimise corrosion Example of asynchronous generator Poles - 4 Power - 350kw Voltage - 690 V Configuration - Delta Speed - 1524 rpm Rated slip - 1.6% Rated current - 315 A Rated torque - 2310Nm Power factor - 0.93 Efficiency - 95.6 Weight - 2,450kg Electrical generation and transmission • Converteam (2nd generation generators) • Converteam (advanced electrical converters) • Supply chain development (for the above) • • • • • • • Rare earth magnets Laminations Coils Fabrications Iron castings Aluminium castings Copper components • Areva T&D (grid connections, transmission, controls & automation) Power converters Power Converters • Convert typically 690V DC to AC •Smoothes power curves to suit grid requirements •Normally located inside the nacelle Darwind Turbine Main specifications Low weight compact design − Single bearing Direct Drive − Permanent magnet − Minimized equipment in upper tower − 235T head mass Rotor (Weight: 80 ton) Rotor (Weight: 80 ton): Nacelle • Hub (35 ton) blades (3x 15 ton) (Weight:• 35 3ton) Auxiliary equipment: Generator (Weight 120 ton): − − − − − − − − − Sensors for temperature Airgap sensors Service brake Rotor lock mechanism Access platform Cable gutter Oil or greased lubricated bearing Lubrication system Exchangeable seals The supply chain for •Examples of Components permanent magnet generators The supply chain for permanent magnet generators Steel fabrications End box of generator 5.5m diameter Grade 43A mild steel plate – 7.5 tonnes Significant amount of machining Flatness tolerance tight Two fabrications per generator The supply chain for •Examples of Components permanent magnet generators SG Iron castings (or fabrications) – Rotor hub 4.0 to 4.8m diameter – Holds the permanent magnet pole assemblies – 14-16 tonnes, one per generator – Section thickness down to 25mm – Needs to be machined – UK Sources? – Opportunity for a new UK foundry if combined with wind turbine rotor hub and bedplate casting requirements Bedplates •Secures the position of the drive train •Provides a stable platform for all other components •Iron castings are preferred, but fabricated construction also used •High demands on stiffness •Minimise weight Typical example Material - S235JR/S355J2G3 Weight - 7,000kg Length - 3,900mm Width - 2,300mm Height - 1,360mm Certification - DIN 18800 Steel nacelles •Several wind turbine designs use steel fabrications for the nacelle. •Nacelle fabrications for Siemens 1.3MW & 2.3MW wind turbines are cylindrical (shown left) •Siemens 3.6MW is rectangular assembled from four L shaped sections •Expensive to transport •Capability required: •Rolling of thin sheet (5-10mm) •Welding & fabrication •Painting & finishing Towers & Foundations •Towers mainly of tubular steel construction and conical typical height 80-100m •100m tower weighs 250 tonnes manufactured in 5/6 sections 1025m in length •Lattice towers require less steel but appearance disliked •Foundations of reinforced concrete (onshore) and fabricated monopiles (offshore)) Sections for 100m tower for MD77/S77 Section length Flange base Flange top 6 23,300mm 3,544mm 2,955mm 5 22,000mm 4,100mm 3,544mm 4 14,000mm 4,100mm 4,100mm 3 12,800mm 4,100mm 4,100mm 2 12,800mm 4,100mm 4,100mm 1 11,250mm 4,100mm 4,100mm Wind turbine towers UK Scenario • 1000’s of wind turbine towers required in UK over the next 5 years – both offshore and onshore • Offshore mainly East Coast • Existing tower manufacturing - small scale, under invested and mainly located on West Coast • UK tower manufacturers have suffered from intermittent demand from UK wind farms • Latest manufacturing technology not being used • Quality has been questioned • Uncompetitive? • Wind turbine OEMs interested in local sourcing Typical steel tower production process • Profile • Roll • Weld can Heavy plate rolling Longitudinal welding Courtesy of SIF Circumferential welding Courtesy of SIF Typical steel tower production process • • • • • • Profile Roll Weld can Weld on flange Machine flange Weld remaining cans Typical steel tower production process • • • • • • • • • • Profile Roll Weld can Weld on flange Machine flange Weld remaining cans Shot blast Metal spray & paint Fit out Store Tower assembly Source: Sif Source: Sif • Large assembly bay areas • 800 tonne lifting capacity • Dock facilities European wind turbine steel tower manufacturers • Vestas – Denmark & UK (UK factory sold to Skykon - Welcon) • Camcal – UK (closed) • Mabey Bridge - UK • SIAG – Germany, Czech Rep, France • Enercon – Germany, Sweden • Gamesa - Spain • Ambau – Germany • SIF - Holland • DS SM – Denmark • • • • • • • • • • • Welcon – Denmark Erik Roug – Denmark KGW – Germany Emesa – Spain Bladt – Denmark Reuther – Germany F D Coiper – Spain TEGOPI – Portugal Martifer – Portugal EMDE – Germany GSD – Germany Steel tower factory - key points • • • • • • • • • • Manufacturing capacity of 100 to 150 towers p.a.(£30/35m T/O) Major plant requirement – plate roller ~£500K Not labour intensive – highly automated 12 month development on green field site Capability to produce monopiles as well as towers Access to dockside for monopiles and offshore towers Space to store finished towers Target: Match ex works price in Denmark & Germany Shipping cost is the UK advantage Quality requirements higher than offshore oil & gas – very demanding customers Steel tower factory layout schematic Typical steel tower quality control • • • • • • • • • • • Material certification – cast, mechanical properties Material traceability Welding records Visual inspection MPI 100% bracket welds UT 100% longitudinal welds UT 100% circumferential welds Weld repairs Dimensional checks – ovality, flange flatness Internals Final inspection Typical wind turbine tower & monopile foundations Types of wind turbine foundations Monopile foundations • Steel tubes knocked into sea bed • Transition piece between the m/pile and the tower • For 5MW turbine, 60m long, 5m ø, 100mm thick • 750 tonnes Kentish Flats Source: Sif Monopile foundations Typical monopiles Transition piece Kentish Flats Source: Sif Grouted connection Monopile and transition piece SIF BOWind BOWind Protective coatings •Harsh atmospheric and corrosive conditions •Lifespan 20 - 30 years •Maintenance not practical after installation, protective coatings required •Abrasion and corrosion protection •Offshore installations present a market opportunity Access & Security Crane hard standing Upgraded roads Widening of roads Security fences Access & Security Electricity sub stations Tower access Walkways Doors Structural & Access • Steel Towers (new UK factories – East Coast locations) • Welding (use of new techniques to reduce cost, partner TWI) • Foundations (& monopiles, Sheffield Forgemasters ‘A’ frame, BiFab jackets) • Rolled v forged rings (acceptability) • Nacelles (steel framed) • Concrete (towers & foundations) • Tower Internals (supply of fixtures & fittings to UK tower manufacturers) Typical project cost breakdown • Turbine 45% • Foundations 25% • Installation 7% • Connection 13% • Transmission 8% • Management 2% • Approx. cost = £1million per MW Typical project cost breakdown Offshore wind farms • Initial development work 4% • Turbine 42% • Foundations 22% • Cables 10% • Other electrical 3% • Project management & commissioning 8% • Onshore preparation 4% • Other 7% • Approx. total cost = £1.8/2.0 million per MW • Target total cost = £1.3/1.5 million per MW Failure analysis Reasons for failure of wind turbine • electrical control systems……...13% • gearbox…………………………….12% • yaw system………………………….8% • generator…………………………….5% • hydraulics……………………………5% • grid connections……………………5% Component outsourcing • Gearbox 100% • Generators 90% • Blades 50% • Towers 40% • Electrical controls 30% • Other components 100% Turbine cost breakdown Main components in nacelle, % cost Converter 17% Nacelle Cover 4% Hub Casting Machined 5% Hydraulic Cylinder 1% Blade Bearing 5% Rotor Shaft 4% Control Cabinet 4% Gearbox 31% AC Generator 13% Hydraulic System 6% Front Bedplate Yaw Drives 4% 4% Yaw Bearing 2% Wind Turbine OEMs and the UK Market Wind turbine OEMs Global market shares - 2008 Ranking Wind turbine OEM Global Market Share (%) 1 Vestas (Denmark) 19 2 GE Energy (Germany) 18 3 Gamesa (Spain) 11 4 Enercon (Germany) 9 5 Suzlon (India) 7 6 Siemens (Denmark) 7 7 Sinovel (China) 5 8 Acciona Windpower (Spain) 4 9 Goldwind (China) 4 10 Nordex (Germany) 4 11 Dongfang (China) 4 12 REpower (Germany) 3 Mitsubishi (Japan) 2 Clipper (USA) 2 Cover 13 14 up Cover up cover up cover up cover up Wind turbine OEMs Vestas • World leading Danish company • Merged with NEG Micon in 2004 • Largest market share (~19%), but relatively small company in global terms • More ‘in house’ manufacturing than most OEMs • Factories in Campbeltown, nacelle assembly closed in 2007, steel tower manufacture sold to Skykon in 2009 • Rotor blade production was based on Isle of Wight – closed in 2009 • Blade technology research and design centre being developed on Isle of Wight, received a £3m grant • Re-entered offshore market in 2008 Wind turbine OEMs GE Wind Energy • Major US Group with production factories in Europe (Germany, Spain) • Manufacture 1.5MW & 2.5MW turbines of conventional design • Acquired ScanWind (Norway) in Sept 2009 • Will offer a 3.5MW direct drive, permanent magnet generator turbine for offshore farms • Currently concentrating on onshore turbines especially in US Wind turbine OEMs Gamesa Eolica • • • • Leading Spanish manufacturer Acquired MADE another Spanish OEM Factories in Europe, US & China Has a large ‘in house’ capability for blades, gearboxes, generators, converters and towers • 850kW & 2.0MW turbines of conventional geared design for onshore farms • No offshore turbines (yet) Wind turbine OEMs Enercon • • • • • • • Market leader in Germany Pioneered the development of direct drive turbines Direct drive eliminates gearbox/drive train problems Provides high reliability but is more expensive Annular generator very large and heavy Considerable ‘in house’ production capability 8 plants worldwide – Germany (3), Sweden, Brazil, India, Turkey, Portugal • 6 models ranging from 330kW to 2MW • No offshore turbine at present Wind turbine OEMs Suzlon Energy • • • • • • • • Indian company developing as a global manufacturer Manufacturing plants in India, China & N. America R&D in Germany (turbines) and Holland (blades) 5 wind turbine models up to 2.1MW Conventional gearbox/drive train design technology Acquired Hansen Transmissions in 2006 Acquired 70% of REpower in 2007 then 100% in 2008 No offshore turbines at present Wind turbine OEMs Siemens Wind Power • Entered the market in 2004 by acquisition of Bonus, a Danish OEM • UK market leader • Offshore market leader • Siemens acquired Flender in 2005, the major manufacturer of gearboxes for wind turbines • Production facilities in Denmark being expanded • Currently their 2.3MW & 3.6MW are the leading turbines for offshore • Developing direct drive, permanent magnet turbine technology • Considering a UK factory for 3.6MW offshore turbines Wind turbine OEMs Sinovel Wind • • • • • Chinese manufacturer Wind turbine models 1.5MW & 3MW Conventional drive train and generator design 1.5MW onshore only 3MW has been used for offshore wind at Shanghai Wind turbine OEMs Acciona Windpower • A world leader in renewable energy • The group is an owner and developer of wind farms • Spanish manufacturing subsidiaries • 1.5MW & 3.0MW turbines • 858 wind turbines manufactured in 2008 • 3 plants – 2 in Spain, 1 in US • No offshore turbines Wind turbine OEMs Goldwind • • • • • Chinese manufacturer 6 turbine models 600kW to 3MW Conventional drive train and generator design 3MW features a permanent magnet rotor Currently onshore only Wind turbine OEMs Nordex Energy • German OEM based in Rostock • Manufactures blades and towers as well as turbines • Production facilities for turbines and blades opened in China in 2007 • Several conventional gearbox/drive train design of models up to 2.5MW for onshore farms • Developed a 2.5MW turbine for offshore with added corrosion protection and metal cladding • Transformer & power converter moved into the nacelle from tower base • Interested in UK supply of towers and bearings Wind turbine OEMs REpower Systems AG • • • • • • • German Manufacturer 5 turbine models up to 5MW Conventional gearbox/drive train technology 5MW suitable for onshore and offshore Acquired by Suzlon in 2007 (Areva retained 30%) Suzlon reached 100% ownership in 2008 Interested in UK supply of towers Wind turbine OEMs Mitsubishi • • • • • • • Japanese manufacturer Factories in Japan and Mexico Factory planned for USA in 2011 Some interest in a UK factory (?) Wind turbine models up to 2.4MW Conventional drive train and generator design Currently onshore only Wind turbine OEMs Clipper Windpower • US Company, now developing in UK • Manufacture in US 2.5MW Liberty wind turbine • Innovative design – gearbox splits main drive into 4 secondary drive trains each feeding a permanent magnet generator • 50% of components sourced in Europe • UK development announced for 10MW “Britannia” offshore turbine • Prototype planned for late 2011 - Height: 175m Blades 70m long • Engineering in Blyth, factory planned for North East • Blade manufacture on Tyneside – opens April 2010 • DECC support of $7.3m for demonstrator • Crown Estate agreement to purchase prototype • £5m support from One North East • Aim: to kick start the UK offshore wind industry Wind turbine OEMs Multibrid • • • • Owned by Areva Manufacturing plant at Bremerhaven 5MW wind turbines designed for offshore wind Rotor bearing, gear system and generator integrated into a compact design • Nacelle hermetically encapsulated combined with air treatment and filtering Wind turbine OEMs Win Wind • Finnish manufacturer • 1MW & 3MW wind turbines • Incorporate Multibrid technology of simplified gearbox and low speed permanent magnet generator • Combines reliability of a direct drive turbine with the compactness of a high speed geared system • Good reliability and low maintenance • Partners: Moventas and ABB • Currently only onshore applications Wind turbine OEMs BARD • • • • German manufacturer Plant in Emden, Germany 5MW wind turbine for offshore farms Conventional gearbox design – drive train supplied by Winergy • Manufactures own 60m blades in Emden • Weight 280 tonnes, rotor diameter 122m • Unusual 3 leg foundation structure claimed to be suitable for depths up to 45m Wind turbine OEMs XEMC Darwind • • • • • • • Dutch manufacturer Acquired by Chinese group XEMC in 2009 5MW wind turbine for offshore farms Direct drive design Permanent magnet generator Fully sealed nacelle and tower Prototypes planned for 2010 Wind turbine OEMs Ecotechnia • • • • • • • Spanish manufacturer Acquired by Alstom group in 2007 Factories in Spain 3 wind turbine models – 1.67MW/2.0MW/3.0MW Conventional design Rotor protects the gearbox from deflection loads Currently onshore only – considering offshore Wind turbine OEMs Fuhrlander • • • • German manufacturer 3 factories in Germany, 1 in China Wind turbine models from 30kW to 2.5MW Conventional drive train and generator design • Currently onshore only Wind turbine OEMs Vensys • German manufacturer • Factories in Germany and Czech Republic • Agreed manufacturing licences in – – – – China Spain India Brazil • 1.5 & 2.5MW designs • Direct drive with permanent magnet generator • Currently onshore only Entering the wind energy market • Strong existing mainland European supply chains • Difficult to compete on price for same products & specifications for turbines • UK companies have no track record on turbines • Some successes – towers, foundations & in turbines with bolts, castings, slip rings, electrical laminations • Product development and innovation in response to changing market demands • Important to get in at design stage • Opportunities for co-operation and partnership with established suppliers A receptive market for innovation • • • • • • • • • Forecast growth is outstripping supply capabilities New market requirements - offshore Larger wind turbines being developed New technology being introduced Increased reliability of turbine equipment demanded Speed and ease of installation needs to be increased The requirement for maintenance has to reduce Pressure to reduce cost in all areas (Price/Kwh) UK content gives a UK market advantage Some of the UK companies now supplying the market • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Adaptaflex, Coleshill, West Midlands – Flexible conduit Advanced Composites, Heanor East Midlands – Composite materials ADI Treatments, West Bromwich, West Midlands – Heat treatment services Anderson Precision Gears, Motherwell Scotland - Gears BGB Engineering, Grantham East Midlands – Electrical slip rings BP Hydraulics, Godalming, Surrey – Hydraulic manifold blocks Castings Plc, Brownhills, West Midlands – Blade root castings Converteam Ltd, Kidsgrove, West Midlands - Converters Converteam Ltd, Rugby, West Midlands – Generators and power converters Corus Plate Processing, Cradley West Midlands – Profiled plate for towers Eclectic Energy, Edwinstowe East Midlands – Small wind turbines Edward Francis, Over Whitacre, West Midlands – Health & Safety/Risk Management European Electrical Laminations, Halesowen West Midlands – Generator laminations Formax, Narborough East Midlands – Multiaxial composite reinforcement Fuchs Lubricants, Stoke West Midlands – Lubricants HydraPower Dynamics, Birmingham West Midlands – Pipework systems Hydratight, Walsall West Midlands – Bolt tensioning equipment Lincoln Electric, Sheffield Yorkshire – Welding consumables & equipment Liquid Control, Wellingborough, East Midlands – Adhesive laying equipment Macalloy, Sheffield, Yorkshire – Tensioning bars Mecc Alte, Oakham East Midlands – Generators Rittall, Rotherham Yorkshire – Enclosures Rotabolt, Dudley, West Midlands – Intelligent fasteners Serck Controls, Coventry, West Midlands – Control systems Scott Bader, Wellingborough, East Midlands - Composite resins Solent Composite Systems, Cowes, South East – Blade moulds WindPower Renewable Solutions, Gravesend, Kent – Bearings, lubricants Supply Chain Development for Wind Energy • • • • • • • • Identification of the products and services required in the market Relating the requirement to specific capabilities Identification of the opportunities to develop products specifically for the wind energy sector Explaining the market structure and the major OEMs and suppliers Planning the most effective approach to the market Links with other companies to enhance and extend activities Development of joint venture and partnership opportunities Contact with • Wind farm developers • Wind farm operation and maintenance companies • Power companies • Wind turbine OEMs • First tier equipment suppliers • Established 2nd & 3rd tier suppliers • Universities and Research Organisations Main wind energy conferences & exhibitions – 2010 European Wind Energy Association, Conference & Exhibition, Warsaw, Poland 20 -23 April 2010 British Wind Energy Association (Offshore Wind) – 29&30 June 2010, Liverpool Husum 2010, Husum, Germany 21 – 25 September 2010 (the largest wind energy exhibition in Europe) British Wind Energy Association – 2-4 November, Glasgow Any Questions? Bob Turner Quadcom Limited Tel 01785 282130 Mobile 07850 785895 E-mail:rjt@turnerz.u-net.com Accessing the offshore wind market David Terry, RESCO Fred Mead, EBC 25 February 2010 Renewable Energy This project will help businesses access the commercial opportunities in the supply chain of the new and renewable energy marketplace. Supply Chain Opportunities It will provide a range of support activities with innovation as a core element. www.staffs.ac.uk/RESCO iesr@staffs.ac.uk 01782 294110 Focus Areas •Power Generation and Transmission Opportunities •Wind and Marine Power generation •Bio-Energy opportunities •Small Scale renewable energy generation •Hydrogen Fuel Cell Supply Chain Key Activities •Market Research •Principal regional, UK or international based companies in each sector, e.g. Phase 3 Developers and T1/T2. •Identify West Midlands Companies either already in each sector OR with the potential to supply to each sector. •Market Sector Definition - for each of the five key areas above, RESCO provides: •Definition, scope and description (briefing) information •Key Market opportunities and drivers within each sector e.g. Policy, Supply Chain, Funding and overseas market initiatives. •Identification of key barriers to growth or entry into each market sector How Will Businesses Benefit? •Focus Special Interest Groups •Opportunity mapping •Tendering and regional collaborations (e.g. Science City) •Technical development support •Funding opportunities •Overseas Trade Missions •Supported trade visits and introductions (with UKTI) •1-1 Support – Allocated expertise from private and University sectors •Information and news feeds Contact David Terry Agne Prochorskaite www.staffs.ac.uk/RESCO iesr@staffs.ac.uk 01782 294110